A hybrid renewable energy system integrating photovoltaic panels, wind turbine, and battery energies for supplying a gri
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A hybrid renewable energy system integrating photovoltaic panels, wind turbine, and battery energies for supplying a grid‑connected residential load Mohammad Jafari1 · Zahra Malekjamshidi1 Received: 16 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this paper, a topology of a multi-input renewable energy system, including a PV system, a wind turbine generator, and a battery for supplying a grid-connected load, is presented. The system utilizes a multi-winding transformer to integrate the renewable energies and transfer it to the load or battery. The PV, wind turbine, and battery are linked to the transformer through a full bridge dc–ac converter and their energy supplied to a grid-connected single-phase inverter and loads. A phase-shift control technique is employed to control the power flow between the sources and loads and the grid. To control the power flow, simple PI controllers have been used. The operation details and control techniques of the system are presented and also validated by using numerical simulations. Keywords PI control · Multi-port converter · Phase-shift · Multi-winding transformer · PV system · Inverter
1 Introduction Multi-port converters have been an attractive research topic over the past decade due to their application in the integration of several renewable energy sources into a single power processing unit. Therefore, a large number of multi-port converter topologies have been introduced in the literature so far [1–9]. The proposed topologies can be classified as the topologies operate based on the series or parallel connection of small conversion cells [10], the time-sharing concept [11–13], and magnetic flux additivity [14]. Furthermore, some of them have the property of bidirectional power flow between the connected ports, while others are unidirectional only [15]. Among the proposed topologies, those are based on magnetic-coupling through a multi-winding transformer have attracted more attention due to their excellent features in terms of flexibility, safety, isolation and operational power range. This provides an isolation between
the ports and facilitates connecting several sources having substantially different operating voltages thanks to the transformer turns ratio [16]. On the other hand, a simpler power flow control can be achieved by using a phase-shift control technique [17–19]. A complete study on the magnetically coupled multi-port converters have been presented in [16–20]. It should be noted that the system operation and design of multi-winding high-frequency transformer become very complex in the case of large number windings [21–24]. A magnetically coupled converter with two input and one output is presented in [25] where instead of combining input dc sources in electric form, they are combined in magnetic form by adding up the produced magnetic fluxes together using the magnetic core of the multi-winding transformer. The power flow in the proposed converter has been drawn from two different dc sources and delivered to the l
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