A model for nonverbal interaction cues in collaborative virtual environments
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A model for nonverbal interaction cues in collaborative virtual environments Adriana Peña Pérez Negrón1 · Edrisi Muñoz2 · Graciela Lara López1 Received: 17 January 2019 / Accepted: 11 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract People’s social interaction is a complex process that involves our verbal and nonverbal behavior. In collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) technologies, interaction is achieved employing a graphical representation, namely avatar. In this primarily visual media, interactions are constrained by the available possibilities linked to technical and design issues. The focus of this work is the automatic analysis of collaborative interaction among actors in CVEs, based on basic action units of study. For that, a designed domain ontology to establish the basis for the definition and automation of nonverbal interaction cues is presented. Also, for the analysis of collaboration, a structure to infer higher indicators through individual interaction cues was developed. Finally, a case of study applying this proposal is presented. Keywords CVE · Avatars · Nonverbal communication · HCI
1 Introduction Current technological trends and computational evolution during the last decades have strongly influenced our communication process. In this context, collaborative virtual environments (CVEs), which are computer-generated interfaces to cause users the feeling of being together in an environment different than the one they actually are (Ellis 1995; Schroeder 2010), provide a shared place with common objects for multiple users to collaborate at a distance. CVEs then represent a media that brings remote people into spatial and social proximity, facilitating communication awareness (Wolff et al. 2008). * Graciela Lara López [email protected] Adriana Peña Pérez Negrón [email protected] Edrisi Muñoz [email protected] 1
CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas, A.C., Unidad Zacatecas, Parque Quantum, Ciudad del Conocimiento. Av. Lassec, Andador Galileo Galilei, Manzana 3, Lote 7, 98160 Zacatecas, Mexico
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Two types of actors can inhabit a CVE: computer users and intelligent virtual agents (IVAs). IVAs are interactive characters that exhibit human-like qualities. They can communicate with humans or other IVAs using natural human modalities, with the purpose to simulate real-time perception, cognition and actions (Aylett et al. 2013). Both types of actors are embodied in the virtual scenario through avatars, their graphical representation in the CVE and their means for interacting with the virtual world and with others. As in real life, actors’ interaction in CVEs is achieved via verbal and/or nonverbal channels. The IVAs’ display of nonverbal communication represents a broad research area mainly aimed to the design of human-like artificial behavior for both robots and avatars (e.g. Breazeal et al. 2005, Gobron et
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