A proposed experiment to test gravitational anti-screening and MOND using Sun-Gas giant saddle points
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A proposed experiment to test gravitational anti-screening and MOND using Sun-Gas giant saddle points A. Raymond Penner1
Received: 26 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 / Published online: 24 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The size and availability of Sun-Jupiter and SunNeptune saddle regions are determined. Within these regions the net gravitational field is ≤ 10−10 ms−2 . These regions are therefore suitable for experiments which can provide evidence for the alternative gravitational theories of MOND and gravitational anti-screening. A particular experiment is outlined where the relative separation between two masses is measured. In the case of the Jupiter hosted saddle region, over the duration of the proposed experiment it is found that the relative separation of the two masses as determined by MOND and gravitational anti-screening is approximately 1.24 cm less than that predicted by Newtonian gravitational theory. In the case of the Neptune hosted saddle region the difference is much greater, being 29.0 cm for the specific example provided. This experiment would therefore be a definitive test of MOND and gravitational anti-screening. Keywords Gravitational anti-screening · MOND · AQUAL · Dark matter · Saddle point · Saddle point region · Gravity · MOND experiment
1 Introduction Physics has been standing at a crossroad since Zwicky (1933) first pointed out that galaxies were moving too fast to be bound by their host cluster. Since then, a plethora of rotation curves have shown that stars in the outer regions of galaxies are also moving too fast to be bound by their host galaxy.
B A.R. Penner
[email protected]
1
Department of Physics, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
There would seem to be two possibilities. Given that GR (for a review: Iorio 2015; Debono and Smoot 2016), along with its non-relativistic approximation Newtonian gravity, has passed all laboratory and solar system tests the idea that some undiscovered particle(s) was responsible for the apparent greater gravitational forces seen with the galaxies and clusters would seem to be the best path to follow. No modification of gravitational theory was needed; hence, the theory of dark matter arose. However, even with the LHC, to date no such dark matter particles have been found. The other possibility is that current gravitational theory needs to be modified. Just as GR modifies Newtonian theory in strong gravitational fields, it is possible that a modification is needed in very weak gravitational fields such as those found in the outer regions of galaxies and clusters. This possibility gains support from details of galactic rotation curves, for there is found to be a strong correlation between the rotational curves of spiral galaxies and the observed baryonic mass. This is highlighted by the work of McGaugh et al. (2016) who considered 153 spiral galaxies, which extend over a very wide range of physical properties, to determine the relationship between the ra
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