A simple theoretical approach for analysis of slide-toe-toppling failure
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A simple theoretical approach for analysis of slide-toe-toppling failure Hassan Sarfaraz School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, PO Box: 14155-6619, Tehran, Iran © Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract: A prevalent kind of failure of rock slopes is toppling instability. In secondary toppling failures, these instabilities are stimulated through some external factors. A type of secondary toppling failure is “slide-toe-toppling failure”. In this instability, the upper and toe parts of the slope have the potential of sliding and toppling failures, respectively. This failure has been investigated by an analytical method and experimental tests. In the present study, at first, the literature review of toppling failure is presented. Then a simple theoretical solution is suggested for evaluating this failure. The recommended method is compared with the approach of AMINI et al through a typical example and three physical models. The results indicate that the proposed method is in good agreement with the results of AMINI et al’s approach and experimental models. Therefore, this suggested methodology can be applied to examining the stability of slide-toe-toppling failure. Key words: rock slopes; slope stability; slide-toe-toppling; theoretical solution Cite this article as: Hassan Sarfaraz. A simple theoretical approach for analysis of slide-toe-toppling failure [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(9): 2745−2753. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4495-7.
1 Introduction Toppling failures are classified into primary and secondary kinds (Figure 1) [1]. In the primary toppling failure types, the main reason for instability is the rock column weight. However, secondary toppling failures are motivated by several external factors. According to Goodman Bray’s classification, several types of researches have been studied by analytical methods and physical and numerical models [2−5]. In 1987 and 1992, AYDAN and KAWAMOTO [6, 7] simulated the toppling failure utilizing friction table machine. In 2007, ADHIKARY et al [8] accomplished the centrifugal test for flexural toppling failure, where concrete and glass specimens were used as modelling materials. Many kinds of researches were studied for the numerical modelling of toppling failures [9]. A simple solution was offered for the
analyzing flexural toppling failure based on the compatibility principle of cantilever beams [10, 11]. In 2018, ZHENG et al [12, 13] suggested the new technique based on limit equilibrium theory for analyzing flexural toppling failure. Also, for this failure, SARFARAZ [14] presented a new theoretical solution for the calculation of the safety factor by applying Sarma’s method in 2020. In 2012, AMINI et al [15] proposed a technique for the analysis of block-flexural toppling failure by combing the approaches of Goodman & Bray and Aydan & Kawamoto. In 2020, SARFARAZ et al [16] numerically modelled this failure using UDEC software. Secondary toppli
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