A Smartphone Enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
A Smartphone Enabled Approach to Manage COVID‑19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis Halgurd S. Maghdid1 · Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor2,3 Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020
Abstract The emergence of novel COVID-19 causes an over-load in health system and high mortality rate. The key priority is to contain the epidemic and prevent the infection rate. In this context, many countries are now in some degree of lockdown to ensure extreme social distancing of entire population and hence slowing down the epidemic spread. Furthermore, authorities use case quarantine strategy and manual second/third contact-tracing to contain the COVID-19 disease. However, manual contact-tracing is time-consuming and labor-intensive task which tremendously over-load public health systems. In this paper, we developed a smartphone-based approach to automatically and widely trace the contacts for confirmed COVID-19 cases. Particularly, contact-tracing approach creates a list of individuals in the vicinity and notifying contacts or officials of confirmed COVID-19 cases. This approach is not only providing awareness to individuals they are in the proximity to the infected area, but also tracks the incidental contacts that the COVID-19 carrier might not recall. Thereafter, we developed a dashboard to provide a plan for policymakers on how lockdown/mass quarantine can be safely lifted, and hence tackling the economic crisis. The dashboard used to predict the level of lockdown area based on collected positions and distance measurements of the registered users in the vicinity. The prediction model uses k-means algorithm as an unsupervised machine learning technique for lockdown management. Keywords COVID-19 · Contact-tracing · GPS positioning · Smartphone
Introduction In an unprecedented move, China locks down the megacity named Wuhan, in which the novel coronavirus was first reported, in the hopes stopping the spread of deadly coronavirus. During the lockdown, all railway, port, and road The researchers can access the implementation and programming code in https://github.com/halgurd18/lockdown_COVID19. * Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor [email protected] Halgurd S. Maghdid [email protected] 1
Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koysinjaq 4400, Kurdistan Region‑F.R., Iraq
2
Department of Software Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 4500, Iraq
3
School of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
transportation were suspended in Wuhan city. With the increasing number of infections and fast person-to-person spreading, hospitals are overwhelmed with patients. Later, the disease has been identified in many other countries around the globe [1, 2]. Subsequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the virus can cause a respiratory disease with clinical presentation of cough, fever, and lung inflammation. As more countries are experienced dozen
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