A structured methodology to understand municipal waste generation at local level with minimized effort: development and
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
A structured methodology to understand municipal waste generation at local level with minimized effort: development and case study Álvaro Fernández-Braña 1,2
&
Vítor Sousa 3 & Célia Dias-Ferreira 1,4
Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Understanding municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is a key requirement for designing and optimizing MSW collection services. The present contribution proposes a statistical methodology to identify MSW generation patterns from MSW collection records. The methodology aims at finding statistically distinct household waste generation patterns within the days of the week and within months (seasonal variation). It is based on standard statistical methods (ANOVA complemented by non-parametric tests and cluster analysis). The methodology was applied to a Portuguese neighbourhood to assist in the definition of a waste sampling campaign to support the implementation of a pilot PAYT. The results showed the existence of groups with statistically distinct MSW generation patterns both at the weekly and monthly time scales. Three clusters of days of the week, with high, medium and low generation, and two clusters of months, with high and low generation, were identified. These results allowed to design and implement a customized field waste sampling campaign to estimate the MSW generated at the study site with minimal field work. Instead of implementing a homogeneous sampling campaign (equal number of samples for every day of the week and for every month), the samples were collected from the days and months that showed statistically distinct MSW generation pattern. The systematic procedure can be easily adapted to any given location, thus being a useful tool that combines statistical analysis with field collected data. Keywords Data collection . Experimental design . Waste forecasting . Pattern identification . Sample distribution . Seasonality
Introduction In addition to the total amount generated, the design of modern municipal solid waste (MSW) collection services Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Álvaro Fernández-Braña [email protected] 1
Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Instituto de Investigação Aplicada (IIA) – Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra (IPC), Coimbra, Portugal
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría (ETSE) – Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
3
Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Department of Civil Engineering, Arquitecture and Geo-resources, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) – Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
4
Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal
requires knowing the generation pattern of all waste categories, to support both operational as well as financial decisions (e.g., tariff system), included within the broader frame of an overall MSW strategy development (Zorpas 2020). Proper assessmen
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