Abundance and spatial distribution of the structure supporting the nest of White Stork Ciconia ciconia in Guerbes-Sanhad
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SHORT RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION ARTICLE
Abundance and spatial distribution of the structure supporting the nest of White Stork Ciconia ciconia in Guerbes-Sanhadja wetland eco-complex, northeastern of Algeria Saddam Babouri 1,2 & Sophia Metallaoui 1,2 & Salim Heddam 2,3 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present investigation, the spatial distribution of the nest of White Stork Ciconia ciconia was examined. Spearman’s rankorder correlations test and the principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to a total of 227 nests recorded in the GuerbesSanhadja wetland eco-complex, northeastern of Algeria, over seven sites, for which the percentage of occupied nests reaches 89% (202 nest were occupied). Our goals are twofold: to explore the variation and distribution of the structure supporting the nest and to explain their spatial variability. The Spearman’s rank-order correlation test show that steel electricity poles had nonsignificant correlations with tree, and only concrete electricity poles structure had statistically significant positive correlation with mobile phone antennas structure (R = 0.757; at p < .05), and the roofs of houses had statistically significant positive correlation with mobile phone antennas structure (R = 0.825; at p < .05). According to the PCA results, it was observed that the PC1, which explains 50.86% of the total inertia, further represents and synthesizes the dominant structure supporting the nest, i.e., tree, steel electricity poles, and concrete electricity poles, which were strongly correlated with PC1, having a component loading nearly equal to 0.766, 0.821, and − 0.929, respectively, while the PC2, which explains 30.30% of the total inertia, includes the structure rarely recorded in the studied region, i.e., wooden electricity poles and the roofs of houses. Keywords White Stork . Ciconia ciconia . Guerbes-Sanhadja . Habitat structure . Algeria . PCA
Introduction Over the last few years, studies of the birds regarding many biological features, such as migratory behavior, breeding performance, fitness components, population dynamics, or geographical distribution, have significantly increased (Gordo et al. 2007; Tobolka et al. 2013). One of these birds is the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), a common species which has received great attention worldwide especially Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Salim Heddam [email protected] 1
Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, 21000 Skikda, Algeria
2
Laboratory of Research in Biodiversity Interaction Ecosystem and Biotechnology ‘LRIBEB’, University 20 Août 1955, Route El Hadaik, 26 Skikda, BP, Algeria
3
Hydraulics Division, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Science, University 20 Août 1955, 21000 Skikda, Algeria
in Europe (e.g., Orłowski et al. 2019; Kamiński et al. 2020; Zbyryt et al. 2020). Concerning its population dynamics, the White Stork has suffered a decrease period in Western Europe in
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