Acromioclavicular joint separations
- PDF / 257,171 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 30 Downloads / 189 Views
SHOULDER (JS DINES, SECTION EDITOR)
Acromioclavicular joint separations Ryan J. Warth & Frank Martetschläger & Trevor R. Gaskill & Peter J. Millett
Published online: 16 December 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract Acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations are common injuries of the shoulder girdle, especially in the young and active population. Typically the mechanism of this injury is a direct force against the lateral aspect of the adducted shoulder, the magnitude of which affects injury severity. While low-grade injuries are frequently managed successfully using non-surgical measures, high-grade injuries frequently warrant surgical intervention to minimize pain and maximize shoulder function. Factors such as duration of injury and activity level should also be taken into account in an effort to individualize each patient’s treatment. A number of surgical techniques have been introduced to manage symptomatic, high-grade injuries. The purpose of this article is to review the important anatomy, biomechanical background, and clinical management of this entity. R. J. Warth : F. Martetschläger : P. J. Millett Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 W. Meadow Drive, Vail, CO 81657, USA F. Martetschläger Department for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
Keywords Acromioclavicular joint . AC joint . AC dislocation . AC separation . Shoulder separation . Rockwood classification . AC joint reconstruction . Coracoclavicular ligaments . AC joint reconstruction complications . AC joint reconstruction outcomes
Introduction Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries account for nearly half of all shoulder injuries among athletes involved in contact sports [1–3]. While most injuries can be managed non-operatively, high-grade separations may result in persistent pain or functional decline and require surgical intervention [4–9]. Many surgical techniques have been described to stabilize the AC joint, however, the utility of many of these techniques are limited secondary to reported failure and complication rates [8, 10–13]. More recently, open or arthroscopically-assisted anatomic reconstruction of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments have been introduced and early follow-up appears encouraging [14–16]. This review provides an update on the anatomy and biomechanics of the AC joint, clinical, and surgical management of AC joint injuries, and a description of outcomes and complications following the highlighted techniques.
T. R. Gaskill Bone and Joint Sports Medicine Institute, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708, USA
Anatomical and biomechanical considerations
F. Martetschläger : P. J. Millett (*) The Steadman Clinic, 181 W. Meadow Drive, Vail, CO 81657, USA e-mail: [email protected]
The AC joint is a diarthrodial joint spanning from the medial articular facet of the acromion to the distal clavicle and links the shoulder girdle to the axial skeleton. It subsequently coord
Data Loading...
