Active control of strain in a composite plate using shape memory alloy actuators
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Active control of strain in a composite plate using shape memory alloy actuators Ermira J. Abdullah • Dayang L. Majid Fairuz I. Romli • Priyanka S. Gaikwad Lim G. Yuan • Nurul F. Harun
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Received: 18 April 2014 / Accepted: 15 September 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
Abstract The present study aims to design an experimental test bench to analyze and control a smart structure system composed of a woven fiberglass laminate plate with shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators instilled on the surface. The aim of this design is to accurately augment the strain of the composite plate. Finite element analysis was employed to model the composite structure and determine the placement of the SMA actuators in order to produce the desired structural response efficiently with minimum power consumption. Due to the nonlinear behavior of the SMA actuator, it will be critical to incorporate a feedback control system that is able to accurately morph the structure by
E. J. Abdullah (&) D. L. Majid F. I. Romli P. S. Gaikwad L. G. Yuan N. F. Harun Aerospace Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] D. L. Majid e-mail: [email protected] F. I. Romli e-mail: [email protected] P. S. Gaikwad e-mail: [email protected] L. G. Yuan e-mail: [email protected] N. F. Harun e-mail: [email protected]
changing the strain of the composite structure. A Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller was designed to improve its tracking performance. Simulation on the control system showed that the PID controller produced acceptable response and managed to reduce steady state error for different types of input. The PID controller was then implemented in the experimental setup to control the smart composite plate. Results from the experiment illustrates that the smart structure system that has been designed performed effectively and the strain value of the composite structure can be controlled accurately. Keywords Smart structure system Shape memory alloy PID control Composite
1 Introduction Smart structures are combination of flexible material structures with force actuator instiller on the surface or embedded within the structure. The ideal material for an actuator in smart structure system should respond quickly to the external stimuli, be capable of large and recoverable strain, transform effectively the input energy to mechanical energy, and not be affected by fatigue issues (Fontanazza et al. 2006) Smart material would be the best candidate as it is superior compared to pneumatic or hydraulic actuators because it reduces complexity and improves reliability of the system (Fontanazza et al. 2006).
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Forces
Structure
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Actuator Disturbance
Forces
Sensor
Performance Analysis
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Measurements
Controller
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of smart structure
The characteristics of smart structures can be described as intermediate between those of smart materials and smart
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