Acute Exercise and Hormones Related to Appetite Regulation: A Meta-Analysis
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Acute Exercise and Hormones Related to Appetite Regulation: A Meta-Analysis Matthew M. Schubert • Surendran Sabapathy Michael Leveritt • Ben Desbrow
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Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013
Abstract Background Understanding of the impact of an acute bout of exercise on hormones involved in appetite regulation may provide insight into some of the mechanisms that regulate energy balance. In resting conditions, acylated ghrelin is known to stimulate food intake, while hormones such as peptide YY (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are known to suppress food intake. Objective The objective of this review was to determine the magnitude of exercise effects on levels of gastrointestinal hormones related to appetite, using systematic review and meta-analysis. Additionally, factors such as the exercise intensity, duration and mode, in addition to participant characteristics, were examined to determine their influence on these hormones. Data Sources Major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Academic Search Premier and
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0120-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. M. Schubert (&) B. Desbrow School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia e-mail: [email protected] S. Sabapathy School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia M. Leveritt School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
EBSCOHost) were searched, through February 2013, for original studies, abstracts, theses and dissertations that examined responses of appetite hormones to acute exercise. Study Selection Studies were included if they evaluated appetite hormone responses during and in the hours after an acute bout of exercise and reported area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) values for more than three datapoints. Studies reporting mean or pre/post-values only were excluded. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Initially, 75 studies were identified. After evaluation of study quality and validity, using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale, data from 20 studies (28 trials) involving 241 participants (77.6 % men) had their data extracted for inclusion in the meta-analyses. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for acylated ghrelin (n = 18 studies, 25 trials) and PYY (n = 8 studies, 14 trials), with sub-group analyses and meta-regressions being conducted for moderator variables. Because the number of studies was limited, fixedeffects meta-analyses were performed on PP data (n = 4 studies, 5 trials) and GLP-1 data (n = 5 studies, 8 trials). Results The results of the meta-analyses indicated that exercise had small to moderate effects on appetite hormone levels, suppressing acyl
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