Air pollutants NO 2 - and O 3 -induced Dactylis glomerata L. pollen oxidative defences and enhanced its allergenic poten
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Air pollutants NO2- and O3-induced Dactylis glomerata L. pollen oxidative defences and enhanced its allergenic potential A. Galveias . R. Arriegas . S. Mendes . H. Ribeiro . I. Abreu . A. R. Costa . C. M. Antunes
Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Air pollutants impact airborne pollen biochemistry. Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids or protein nitration are among ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) described deleterious effects possibly causing pollen physiology damage and enhanced allergenic activity, contributing to aggravate pollen driven respiratory allergy in urban areas. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of O3, NO2, alone and combined, on Dactylis glomerata pollen reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, on pollen germination and their potential contribution to the allergenicity. D. glomerata pollen was in vitro exposed to pollutants. Protein extracts were prepared and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were evaluated. Western blot with pooled sera or with
IgG against group 5 allergens and profilin was performed. Pollen germination capacity was increased by NO2 and was unaffected by O3 or O3 ? NO2 but showed longer pollen tubes in the latter. Exposure to O3 did not affect SOD activity but induced a twofold increase in catalase activity. SOD activity was twofold higher in pollen exposed to NO2. Exposure to O3 ? NO2 induced a twofold and fivefold increase of SOD and catalase activities, respectively. Pollen GPx was unaffected by the pollutants. IgE-recognition of proteins in the molecular weight range of 42–57 kDa were amplified by NO2 and O3 ? NO2 and O3 amplified proteins with molecular weight of 13 (profilin), 29 (Group 5), and 31 kDa. Taken together, these results show that pollen oxidative defences are activated by common air pollutants affecting both its germination capacity and its allergenic activity.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-020-09676-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Galveias R. Arriegas A. R. Costa C. M. Antunes (&) Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT) and Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Technology, University of E´vora, Rua Roma˜o Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 E´vora, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] S. Mendes Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Technology, University of E´vora, Rua Roma˜o Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 E´vora, Portugal
H. Ribeiro Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT) and Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal I. Abreu Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT) and Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Aerobiologia
Keywords Pollen germination Superoxi
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