Altered ultrasonographic activity of abdominal muscles during breathing in males with and without nonspecific chronic lo
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Altered ultrasonographic activity of abdominal muscles during breathing in males with and without nonspecific chronic low back pain Amir Massoud Arab1 · Rahman Sheikhhoseini2 · Omid Rasouli3 Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 © Società Italiana di Ultrasonologia in Medicina e Biologia (SIUMB) 2020
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the altered ultrasonographic activity of abdominal muscles during breathing in males with and without nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Twenty males with NSCLBP and 20 males without NSCLBP were recruited. Muscle thickness change was measured by ultrasonography during breathing in the end-inspiration and end-expiration phases for the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles. The data were normalized to the end-inspiration thickness. An independent t test was run to analyze the data at a confidence level of 95% (p
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