An application of evaporation-rate-based water cycle algorithm for coordination of over-current relays in microgrid
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Sådhanå (2020) 45:237 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-020-01476-1
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An application of evaporation-rate-based water cycle algorithm for coordination of over-current relays in microgrid SAGAR KUDKELWAR and DIPU SARKAR* Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Dimapur, Nagaland 797193, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] MS received 2 May 2020; accepted 5 July 2020 Abstract. Relay coordination is reliable and crucial to guarantee that healthy feeders are properly isolated from the defective areas in a microgrid network. An appropriate protection scheme must be properly planned during the design of the microgrid to ensure safety for the power components in the event of a failure. The implementation of distributed generators in the microgrid changes the total network’s Load-Flow and often impacts the magnitude and direction of the fault current. Using the nature-inspired novel evaporation-rate-based water cycle algorithm (ERWCA), the enhancement in microgrid protection is accomplished in this work by optimizing the relay settings, reducing their operation time and time dial setting of each relay. The approach proposed is validated with the IEC microgrid benchmark system and the findings are contrasted with current techniques. It is found that the proposed strategy produces substantial improvement for the microgrid in the application of over-current relays and greatly reduces the relays’ overall net operating time. Keywords.
Time dial setting; microgrid; evaporation rate water cycle algorithm.
1. Introduction Relay protection is an integral part of the power grid service. Relay coordination is an essential component in the design of protection systems, as relay coordination schemes must ensure quick, effective and selective operation to isolate the defective segment of the network. The technical and economical alternative for the protection of the integrated subtransmission and distribution network is directional overcurrent relays (OCRs). Due to the introduction of distributed generators (DGs) and the growing development in smart grids, distribution networks are increasingly evolving from traditional radial design into loop or mesh structure [1]. In particular the implementation of DG substantially impacts distribution networks, and their effect on the protection system is one of the key concerns. The type of DG and complexity of distribution network decides the impact of DG penetration in the protective scheme. High fault current generated by synchronous-based DG (SBDG) as contrasted with inverter-based DG (IBDG) has been seen in [2], resulting in a much deeper impact on protection systems. Typically, protection schemes for the radial distribution network are provided by fuses, re-closers and OCRs. Coordination of protection for such devices has almost zero impacts for IBDG. However, on the contrary, when SBDG is present in the network, fuse will first work before re-closure behaviour
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