An efficient data hiding method using the intra prediction modes in HEVC
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An efficient data hiding method using the intra prediction modes in HEVC Yaghoub Saberi 1 & Mohammadreza Ramezanpour 1
& Reihaneh Khorsand
2
Received: 14 July 2019 / Revised: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
High efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard is highly contributive in data hiding. Combining the HEVC standard with data hiding methods is a complex task, and because the highly efficient coding process is a powerful attack, eliminating some of the original video data would not have a significant effect on obtaining the best compression rates and transmission efficiency. In this paper, an efficient secret data hiding method is proposed through intra prediction modes integrated with HEVC, where the intra prediction modes of HEVC encoded videos are applied as a secret data carrier obtained from the N smallest prediction units. Every ⌊log2[N + 1]⌋ + 1 secret bit is embedded in a set of N intra prediction modes, named carrier vectors, where 1 is added to or subtracted from one of these modes, resulting in the accomplished data hiding. Due to the fact that, at the most, only one intra prediction mode is modified and the N smallest prediction units are chosen, this method is contributive in appropriate data hiding performance and steganalysis. The experimental results indicate that the embedding capacity increases up to 50%, while obtaining the best capacity, rate and distortion trade-offs among the compared methods. Keywords Data hiding . Intra prediction . Embedding capacity . HEVC
* Mohammadreza Ramezanpour [email protected] Yaghoub Saberi [email protected] Reihaneh Khorsand [email protected]
1
Department of computer engineering, Mobarakeh branch, Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh, Isfahan, Iran
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Dolatabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Data hiding is a technique through which messages are covered in the media contents, which is applied in many applications such as copyright protection, medical systems, access control, video indexing, etc. and this technique is focused on more with the video coding standards of: the moving picture experts group (MPEG), H.264/AVC, and high efficiency video coding (HEVC) [9]. The data hiding methods can be divided into two major categories based on different embedding secret data methods: 1) embedding before encoding, where the secret data is hid into the pixels with certain intensity. Although these methods are easy to implement, is possible that the embedded data lost after compression and 2) embedding during encoding, where the parts of the video coding structure are applied for the secret data embedding [39]. By combining certain aspects of coding standards characteristics, and finding the appropriate data embedding location, some intermediate results of the encoding process can be changed to obtain the secret data embedding. Combining the HEVC standard with data
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