An efficient label-free immunosensor based on ce-MoS 2 /AgNR composites and screen-printed electrodes for PSA detection
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ORIGINAL PAPER
An efficient label-free immunosensor based on ce-MoS2/AgNR composites and screen-printed electrodes for PSA detection Jia-Cheng Gui 1 & Lu Han 1
&
Cai-Xia Du 1 & Xin-Ning Yu 1 & Kun Hu 1 & Lu-Hai Li 1
Received: 22 December 2019 / Revised: 22 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Label-free electrochemical immunosensors (EIs) are simple and sensitive in cancer diagnosis. Electrode materials which can offer a large specific area and excellent electrical conductivity play a critical role in the fabrication of EIs. In our study, ce-MoS2/ AgNR composite was synthesized via Van der Waals force and electrostatic interaction between chemical exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets (ce-MoS2) and Ag nanorods (AgNRs). The conductivity of ce-MoS2/AgNR composite was almost three times higher than single ce-MoS2 because of the synergistic effect between ce-MoS2 and AgNRs. Furthermore, AgNRs could effectively inhibit the stacking of MoS2 nanosheets. The EIs for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection were fabricated based on ce-MoS2/ AgNR composite. The fabricated EIs retained a wide linear response range (0.1–1000 ng/ml), low sensitivity (0.019 μA/(ng ml−1)), and low detection limit (0.051 ng/ml) for the detection of PSA. Therefore, the EIs based on screen-printed electrode (SPE) and ce-MoS2/AgNR composite could be applied to clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer and have potential application in the detection of other cancer biomarkers. Keywords Label-free immunosensor . Ce-MoS2/AgNR composites . Screen-printed electrodes . Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Introduction For males, prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death [1, 2]. Traditional techniques used for the detection of prostate cancer such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are limited by high-cost and immovable equipment [3]. The effective method to avoid these problems is to use point-of-care testing (POCT) [4]. POCT requires not only simple, cheap, and fast but also low detection limit and portable instrumentation [5, 6]. Electrochemical immunosensors (EIs) have emerged as powerful tools for detecting diseases due to their unique specificity, feasibility of POCT, and potential of automation [5, 7]. Traditional testing methods based on sandwich-type immunosensors which can be performed through the label protocol are time-consuming and costly [8]. Compared to sandwich-type EIs, label-free EIs are much simpler and more sensitive due to their direct
* Lu Han [email protected] 1
The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
detection of antibody-antigen binding [8, 9]. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in label-free EIs [10]. In order to make label-free EIs with a wide linear response range and lower limit of detection (LOD) values, there is an urgent need to explore well-performing electrode materials [11, 12], which can offer a large specific
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