Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders The Vicious Cycle of Comorbidity

"It takes my worries away…it helps me unwind when I’m tense…" Those with an anxiety disorder are at two to five times greater risk of having an alcohol or drug use disorder than those without an anxiety disorder. And although anxiety disorders are among t

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SERIES IN ANXIETY AND RELATED DISORDERS Series Editor: Martin M. Antony, Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ACCEPTANCE AND MINDFULNESS-BASED APPROACHES TO ANXIETY Conceptualization and Treatment Edited by Susan M. Orsillo and Lizabeth Roemer CONCEPTS AND CONTROVERSIES IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER Edited by Jonathan S. Abramowitz and Arthur C. Houts SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOCIAL PHOBIA IN YOUTH Characteristics, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment Christopher A. Kearney TREATING HEALTH ANXIETY AND FEAR OF DEATH A Practitioner’s Guide Patricia Furer, John R. Walker, and Murray B. Stein TREATING TRICHOTILLOMANIA Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Hairpulling and Related Problems Martin E. Franklin and David F. Tolin ANXIETY AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS The Vicious Cycle of Comorbidity Edited by Sherry H. Stewart and Patricia J. Conrod

Sherry H. Stewart Patricia J. Conrod Editors

Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders The Vicious Cycle of Comorbidity

Editors Patricia J. Conrod Institute of Psychiatry King’s College, London London, SE5 8AF UK [email protected]

Sherry H. Stewart Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology Dalhousie University Halifax, NS B3H 4J1 Canada [email protected]

ISBN: 978-0-387-74289-2

e-ISBN: 978-0-387-74290-8

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007936619 © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

For Laila and Ali

Epigraph

Whose is . . . the anxiety? . . . Those who linger late over their wine, those who are always trying some new spiced liquor. Proverbs 23: 29–30

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Preface

The idea for this book originated with an invitation from Dr. Martin Antony in the fall of 2002 to contribute an authored or edited book on the topic of anxiety disorder co-morbidity with substance use disorder, to his planned series of books on anxiety disorders. This invitation converged nicely with conversations that the two of us (S.H.S. and P.J.C.) had been having around that time of eventually writing a book on different pathways to substance use disorder, one of which our own work indicates involves anxiety-related processes. We decided on an edited book so that each chapter could be written by an expert in the field and so we could feature the exciting work in this field that is taking p