Appearance Esteem Trajectory According to Three Different Sources of Support Among Adolescents Over a School Year
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EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Appearance Esteem Trajectory According to Three Different Sources of Support Among Adolescents Over a School Year Anne-Sophie Gagné Jacinthe Dion1,3
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Marie-Ève Blackburn1,2 Julie Auclair2 Mireille Jean1 Marie-Christine Brault1 ●
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Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 / Published online: 3 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although social support has been linked to body satisfaction, there has been little research on the effect of differential sources of support on the trajectory of appearance esteem over time. To address this gap, this study explored changes in adolescents’ appearance esteem to perceived social support over one year. Data were collected from 339 Canadian adolescents (54.57% females) in Grade 7 (Mage = 12.05) and Grade 10 (Mage = 15.14). Multilevel growth modeling revealed that perceived social support from fathers was not associated with appearance esteem, whereas mothers’ support had the strongest effect on appearance esteem, consistently over time. Friends’ support was also related to an increase in the appearance esteem trajectory, but only for older students. Overall, this prospective study provides a better understanding of the unique contribution of three different sources of social support during adolescence for preventing negative appearance esteem, beyond the effects of other related variables. Keywords
Adolescence Body esteem Body image Peer support Parental support Multilevel growth modeling ●
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Introduction Body image is particularly important during the critical period of adolescence (Bucchianeri et al. 2013), in which concerns about the body tend to increase while lifestyles and physical and psychosocial health are developing (Littleton and Ollendick 2003). Among adolescents, low levels of body image can lead to various negative psychological outcomes (Duchesne et al. 2017), problematic weightrelated behaviors, and maladaptive appearance management behaviors (López-Guimerà et al. 2013). As these consequences can last in the long term, focusing on protective
* Jacinthe Dion [email protected]
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factors of negative body image is crucial (Cash 2012). Among those factors, concerns about appearance among adolescents have been the object of increased public interests in recent years (Ricciardelli and Yager 2016). However, few studies have focused specifically on appearance esteem, an important sub-construct of body image that refers to general feelings about appearance (Mendelson et al. 2001). It is well known that social interactions are important protective factors for body image among adolescents (Ata et al. 2007). However, little is known about the respective influence of various sources of support on appearance esteem and its trajectory. Given that interpersonal relationships are critical for helping adolescents cope with psychological distress occurring during this developmental period (Camara et al. 2014), this prospective study exten
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