Application of 3D Printing in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Application of 3D Printing in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review Prasoon Kumar1 · Pulak Vatsya2 · Rajesh Kumar Rajnish1 · Aman Hooda1 · Mandeep S. Dhillon1 Received: 13 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020
Abstract Introduction Ideal surgical positioning and placement of implants during arthroplasty are crucial for long-term survival and optimal functional outcomes. Inadequate bone stock or defects, and anatomical variations can influence the outcomes. Threedimensional printing (3DP) is an evolving technology that could provide patient-specific instrumentation and implants for arthroplasty, taking into account anatomical variations and defects. However, its application in this field is still not adequately studied and described. The present review was conceptualised to assess the practicality, the pros and cons and the current status of usage of 3DP in the field of hip and knee arthroplasties and joint reconstruction surgeries. Methods A PubMed database search was conducted and a total number of 135 hits were obtained, out of which only 30 articles were relevant. These 30 studies were assessed to obtain the qualitative evidence of the applicability and the current status of 3D printing in arthroplasty. Results Currently, 3DP is used for preoperative planning with 3D models, to assess bone defects and anatomy, to determine the appropriate cuts and to develop patient-specific instrumentation and implants (cages, liners, tibial base plates, femoral stem). Its models can be used for teaching and training young surgeons, as well as patient education regarding the surgical complexities. The outcomes of using customised instrumentations and implants have been promising and 3D printing can evolve into routine practice in the years to come. Conclusion 3D printing in arthroplasty is an evolving field with promising results; however, current evidence is insufficient to determine significant advantages that can be termed cost effective and readily available. Keywords 3 dimensional printing · 3D · Hip arthroplasty · Knee arthroplasty · Patient specific instrumentation · PSI
Introduction Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is the process of utilising materials like plastic, ceramic or metals, to manufacture objects using a three-dimensional (3D) model data [1]. This has evolved from prior technologies where chunks of materials could be chiseled into 3D objects using various instruments [2–4]. With advancements in technology, easier availability and better understanding of its applications to improve surgical outcomes, 3DP application in multiple healthcare branches (including complex trauma and * Mandeep S. Dhillon [email protected] 1
Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
2
orthopaedics) has witnessed a significant rise in the recent past. 3D models have the potential to act as visual and tacti
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