Arc Volcano of Japan Generation of Continental Crust from the Mantle
This book presents an analysis of our current knowledge on the origin of the Earth’s continental crust. There are two aspects to consider: tectonic and igneous processes. Tectonic aspects include sedimentary accretion, terrane accretion, and continental c
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Takeru Yanagi
Arc Volcano of Japan Generation of Continental Crust from the Mantle
Takeru Yanagi Fukuoka Japan [email protected]
ISSN 0930-0317 ISBN 978-4-431-53995-7 e-ISBN 978-4-431-53996-4 DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-53996-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011933221 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publisher Services Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This book presents an analysis of our current knowledge on the origin of the Earth’s continental crust. There are two aspects to consider: tectonic and igneous processes. Tectonic aspects include sedimentary accretion, terrane accretion, and continental collision at continental margins, in association with plate subduction. These processes result in the formation of large mountain belts, the building up of which literally grows the continents. However, these tectonic aspects are concerned with material recycling within the crust, and hence do not contribute to volumetric growth of continental crust. Igneous processes concern separation of continental crust from the mantle and result in the volumetric growth of continental crust. Therefore, the main focus of this book is to systematically examine why and how the Earth’s continental crust forms, by evaluating magmatic processes at island arcs where new continental crust forms. Over years of research, it has been discovered that the chemical composition of the upper continental crust provides clues to the mechanism by which the Earth’s continental crust develops from the primitive mantle. Although rock configurations are complex, the chemical composition of the upper continental crust has been uniform following the Archean, regardless of which continent or their ages. Through my research, and that of many colleagues, the structure of magma chambers have come to be understood, and we have recognized their functional similarities to island arc volcanoes. This is evident because continental crust is born beneath island arc volcanoes. This book outlines the res
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