Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on persons with disabilities: development of a novel survey
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Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on persons with disabilities: development of a novel survey Alec Bernard1 • Sara Weiss2 • Joshua D. Stein2,3,4 • Sheryl S. Ulin5 • Clive D’Souza5 • Anah Salgat6 Kate Panzer6 • Anne Riddering7 • Paul Edwards7 • Michelle Meade3,8,9 • Michael M. McKee3,6,8 • Joshua R. Ehrlich2,3,8
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Received: 18 May 2020 / Revised: 5 July 2020 / Accepted: 9 July 2020 Ó Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and accompanying disease-mitigation measures have had an unprecedented global impact. As of the time of writing, the WHO identifies over 10.1 million global cases (2.5 million US) and more than 500,000 fatalities (126,000 US) (World Health Organization 2020a, b; Centers for Disease Control 2020). The WHO defines disability as ‘‘any condition of the body or mind that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities and interact with the world around them’’ (World Health Organization 2020a, b). Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, persons with disabilities (PWD) were at greater risk for difficulties & Joshua R. Ehrlich [email protected] 1
University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
2
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
3
Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
4
Department Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
5
Center for Ergonomics, Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
6
Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
7
Department of Ophthalmology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
8
Center for Disability Health and Wellness, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
9
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
accessing healthcare, performing instrumental activities of daily living, and maintaining financial well-being (Kweon 2020; Lenze et al. 2001; Garberoglio et al. 2016; Gopinath et al. 2012; World Health Organization 2001, 2011). The impact of the COVID-19 on PWD has not been well described, and it is not known whether the pandemic is disproportionally creating challenges for PWD. Mitigation measures currently in place across the globe are likely to exacerbate many psychological, financial, and day-to-day challenges (Gershman 2020). Recently, scientific publications and advocacy groups have provided broad recommendations to limit the impact of the pandemic on PWD (Allen and Smith 2020; Senjam 2020; Kessler Foundation 2020; National Association of the Deaf 2020; Rogers 2020). However, there are little data to quantify the impact of the pandemic on PWD, and a thorough review of existing survey instruments demonstrated a clear gap in available
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