Assessment of gingival thickness using digital file superimposition versus direct clinical measurements
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Assessment of gingival thickness using digital file superimposition versus direct clinical measurements Emilio Couso-Queiruga 1 & Mustafa Tattan 1 & Uzair Ahmad 1 & Christopher Barwacz 2 & Oscar Gonzalez-Martin 1,3,4 & Gustavo Avila-Ortiz 1 Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives This study was aimed at evaluating the correlation and reproducibility of gingival thickness quantification using digital and direct clinical assessment methods. Materials and methods Patients in need of tooth extraction were allocated into two groups according to the gingival thickness measurement method, either using an endodontic spreader (pre-extraction) or a spring caliper (post-extraction), both on the midfacial (FGT) and mid-lingual (LGT). Pre-extraction Digital Imaging and COmmunications in Medicine (DICOM) and STereoLithography (STL) files of the arch of interest were obtained and merged for corresponding digital measurements. Inter-rater reliability between digital and direct assessment methods was analyzed using inter-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results Excellent inter-rater reliability agreement was demonstrated for all parameters. Comparison between the endodontic spreader and the digital method revealed excellent agreement, with ICC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.55, 0.91) for FGT and 0.87 (95% CI 0.69, 0.94) for LGT, and mean differences of 0.08 (− 0.04 to 0.55) and 0.25 (− 0.30 to 0.81) mm for FGT and LGT, respectively. Meanwhile, the comparison between the caliper and the digital method demonstrated poor agreement, with ICC of 0.38 (95% CI − 0.06, 0.70) for FGT and 0.45 (95% CI − 0.02, 0.74) for LGT, and mean differences of 0.65 (0.14 to 1.16) and 0.64 (0.12 to 1.17) mm for FGT and LGT, respectively. Conclusions Digital measurement of gingival thickness is comparable with direct clinical assessments performed with transgingival horizontal probing using an endodontic spreader. Clinical relevance Digital assessment of gingival thickness is a non-tissue invasive, reliable, and reproducible method that could be utilized as an alternative to horizontal transgingival probing. Keywords Phenotype . Gingiva . Radiology . 3-D imaging
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03558-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Gustavo Avila-Ortiz [email protected] 1
Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
2
Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
3
Department of Periodontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
4
Private Practice, Gonzalez + Solano Atelier Dental, Madrid, Spain
Periodontal and peri-implant phenotype have progressively evolved into critical components of diagnosis and treatment planning in contemporary clinical practice [1, 2]. The term periodontal phenotype, which has been hist
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