Assessment of the Textured State of the Nonoriented Electrical Steel for Electromobiles and the Effect of the Texture on
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TRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Assessment of the Textured State of the Nonoriented Electrical Steel for Electromobiles and the Effect of the Texture on the Basic Magnetic Characteristics I. V. Gervasyevaa, *, V. A. Milyutina, F. V. Mineyevb, and Yu. Yu. Babushkob aInstitute
of Metals Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990 Russia b PJSC Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works, Lipetsk, 398040 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 15, 2020; revised February 13, 2020; accepted February 20, 2020
Abstract—The structure and texture in recrystallized sheets of nonoriented electrical steel rolled according to different modes have been studied in this work. It has been shown that a decrease in the degree of deformation upon the final rolling leads to an increase in the ratio of the volume fractions of orientations that are favorable and unfavorable for the formation of optimal magnetic properties. Keywords: FeSi, rolling, texture, recrystallization, EBSD analysis, electric cars DOI: 10.1134/S0031918X20070030
INTRODUCTION Nonoriented electrical steel (NOES) is a magnetically soft material that is widely used in electric generators and motors. Nonoriented steel accounts for about 70% [1] of the total global production of electrical steels. Approximately half of the world’s electrical energy is used in motors; therefore, the need to reduce energy losses is of great economic importance and this has stimulated researches aiming to improve quality of the material. Due to the increase in the production of various types of electrical vehicles in recent years, an increase is projected in the consumption of premium grades of high-frequency NOES. The magnetic properties of nonoriented electrical steel are mostly controlled by two characteristics of their structure: the final texture and the final average grain size. The dependence of properties on the crystallographic texture is caused by the effect of the energy of magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the magnetic permeability and losses upon the magnetization reversal. In iron single crystals, the magnetic permeability is maximum and the losses are minimum when the external magnetic field is directed along the directions 001, with all other conditions being equal. The nonoriented electrical steel is used when the magnetic field is applied in any direction in the plane of the sheet. For this case, the ideal texture would be an axial {100} texture in which two directions 001 in each crystallite are parallel to the surface. There is no cheap way to produce such a texture at present. An isotropic “unoriented” steel with a multicomponent texture is therefore used all over the world, in which the mag-
netic properties are determined as the average of the values in the rolling direction and in the transverse direction. The difference in these values should not be too great, and the values of the saturation magnetic induction should be as high as possible. The European standard for the manufacture of thin electrical strip and sheet steel for the a
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