Assessment of the Use of NaClO as an Alternative to H 2 O 2 in the Oxidant-Titanium Ore-Simulated Solar Light System for
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessment of the Use of NaClO as an Alternative to H2O2 in the Oxidant‑Titanium Ore‑Simulated Solar Light System for Thiabendazole Degradation Melisa Portilla‑Sangabriel1 · Sandra Arzate1 · José‑Alberto Macías‑Vargas1 · Rosa‑María Ramírez‑Zamora1 Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The use of the magnetic fraction (MF) of a low-grade titanium ore (TO) and two oxidants (H2O2 and NaClO), testing each one separately, were compared in photo-Fenton like systems to degrade thiabendazole (TBZ) as a model micropollutant. As far as the author’s knowledge goes, this work presents for the first time the assessment of NaClO as an alternative to H2O2 in heterogeneous systems, where the Fenton-type photocatalyst is a natural mineral; TO has a Mexican origin and its magnetic fraction is mainly composed of Ilmenite (47.8% w/w F eTiO3). The experiments were carried out at bench scale in a solar simulator, using a batch raceway pond reactor. Oxidant and MF concentrations were optimized by a composite experimental design, which allowed to achieve 97% TBZ degradation at 15 and 30 min for NaClO and H2O2 systems, respectively, when ′ the initial concentration of TBZ was 37 µM. Pointing out that both pseudo-first order rate constants ( k′ ), kNaClO = 0.226 min−1 ′ and kH O = 0.065 min−1, are in the order of homogeneous photo-Fenton applied to degrade TBZ; however, the time to achieve 2 2 the same level of TBZ degradation is halved when NaClO is used instead of H2O2, thus the capacity of treatment plants can be increased. Furthermore, better results of mineralization (54%), DQO (76%), D BO5 (44%) and acute toxicity (74%) removal were observed when NaClO was used as an oxidant compared to H 2O2, whose values were 42, 67, 38 and 58% for the parameters aforementioned. These positive results demonstrate the feasibility of the use of NaClO as an alternative oxidant to H 2O2 in the heterogeneous photo Fenton like process. Keywords Advanced oxidation process · Contaminants of emerging concern · Pesticides · Photo Fenton process · Fentontype photocatalyst
1 Introduction In the last few years, the advances in analytical techniques to analyze aqueous matrices have allowed the detection and quantification of substances at low concentrations in aquatic bodies (µg L −1, ng L −1) [1]. This has made evident that some anthropogenic substances are present in surface bodies and groundwaters around the globe [2–4]. These molecules belong to groups of industrial chemicals (such as flame retardants, plasticizers, food additives, among
* Rosa‑María Ramírez‑Zamora [email protected] 1
Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510 Coyoacán, Mexico
others), personal care products (PCPs), synthetic and natural hormones, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), and pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and their transformation products. They ha
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