Atelectasis
Atelectasis, or collapse, is used to define an acquired diminution of volume of part of or the whole lung. Proximal or distal bronchial obstruction, adhesion, passivity, compression, cicatrization, and gravity dependence are the various mechanisms involve
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Atelectasis François Laurent, Mathieu Lederlin, Olivier Corneloup, Valérie Latrabe, and Michel Montaudon
Contents 16.1 Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1.1 Obstructive or resorptive atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1.2 Adhesive atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1.3 Passive Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1.4 Compressive Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1.5 Cicatrization Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abstract 389 390 390 390 391 391
16.2 Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 16.2.1 Direct Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 16.2.2 Indirect Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 16.3 Patterns of Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1 Right Upper Lobe Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.2 Right Middle Lobe Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.3 Left Upper Lobe Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.4 Right Lower Lobe Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.5 Left Lower Lobe Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.6 Combined Middle Lobe and Right Lower Lobe Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.7 Combined Middle and Right Upper Lobe Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.8 Combined Right Upper and Lower Lobe Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.9 Whole Lung Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.10 Subsegmental Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.11 Platelike atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.12 Round atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
392 392 394 394 396 396 401 403 403 403 405 405 405
›› Atelectasis,
or collapse, is used to define an acquired diminution of volume of part of or the whole lung. Proximal or distal bronchial obstruction, adhesion, passivity, compression, cicatrization, and gravity dependence are the various mechanisms involved. The manifestations of atelectasis can be classified into direct and indirect signs. Direct signs include displacement of the interlobar fissures and of bronchi and vessels within the affected part of the lung, and indirect signs include loss of lung volume, pulmonary opacification, and shift of hila and mediastinal, and diaphragmatic structures. Atelectasis can be divided into several types, including lobar, segmental, subsegmental, whole lung, platelike, and round atelectasis. Lobar atelectasis of right upper lobe, right middle lobe, left upper lobe, right lower lobe, and left lower lobe have characteristic patterns on chest films and computed tomography.
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
16.1 Mechanisms F. Laurent (), M. Lederlin, and M. Montaudon Laboratoire de physiologie cellulaire respira
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