Automated multi-atlas segmentation of gluteus maximus from Dixon and T1-weighted magnetic resonance images
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Automated multi‑atlas segmentation of gluteus maximus from Dixon and T1‑weighted magnetic resonance images Martin A. Belzunce1 · Johann Henckel1 · Anastasia Fotiadou1 · Anna Di Laura1 · Alister Hart1,2 Received: 17 October 2019 / Revised: 2 February 2020 / Accepted: 18 February 2020 © European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology (ESMRMB) 2020
Abstract Objective To design, develop and evaluate an automated multi-atlas method for segmentation and volume quantification of gluteus maximus from Dixon and T1-weighted images. Materials and methods The multi-atlas segmentation method uses an atlas library constructed from 15 Dixon MRI scans of healthy subjects. A non-rigid registration between each atlas and the target, followed by majority voting label fusion, is used in the segmentation. We propose a region of interest (ROI) to standardize the measurement of muscle bulk. The method was evaluated using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the relative volume difference (RVD) as metrics, for Dixon and T1-weighted target images. Results The mean(± SD) DSC was 0.94 ± 0.01 for Dixon images, while 0.93 ± 0.02 for T1-weighted. The RVD between the automated and manual segmentation had a mean(± SD) value of 1.5 ± 4.3% for Dixon and 1.5 ± 4.8% for T1-weighted images. In the muscle bulk ROI, the DSC was 0.95 ± 0.01 and the RVD was 0.6 ± 3.8%. Conclusion The method allows an accurate fully automated segmentation of gluteus maximus for Dixon and T1-weighted images and provides a relatively accurate volume measurement in shorter times (~ 20 min) than the current gold-standard manual segmentations (2 h). Visual inspection of the segmentation would be required when higher accuracy is needed. Keywords Gluteus maximus · Image segmentation · Multi-atlas · Dixon · MRI
Introduction The gluteal muscles play an important role in daily living activities, including walking, running, stair climbing and lifting activities [1, 2]. Gluteus maximus is the largest of the gluteal muscles and has many different functions such as providing sacroiliac joint stability, strength for lifting and, in the running gait cycle, flexes the trunk on the stance-side and decelerate the swing leg [3, 4]. The assessment of gluteus maximus is of interest in a wide number of applications, for example, in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) differences of 15% in the gluteus maximus volume between affected and unaffected limbs have been reported [5, 6]; in the same context, an increase of up to 40% in gluteus maximus volume * Martin A. Belzunce [email protected] 1
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill, Stanmore HA7 4LP, Middlesex, UK
Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
2
was observed in a longitudinal study looking at patients that went through hip arthroplasty [7]. Gluteus maximus volume is also of interest in sports science [8, 9], rehabilitation [4] and plastic surgery [10]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best i
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