Bemisia: Bionomics and Management of a Global Pest

Bemisia tabaci (Gennedius) has distinguished itself from the more than 1000 whitefly species in the world by it adaptability, persistence and potential to damage a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops in all six of the world’s inhabited cont

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Philip A. Stansly · Steven E. Naranjo Editors

Bemisia: Bionomics and Management of a Global Pest

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Editors Prof. Philip A. Stansly University of Florida Inst. Food & Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Southwest Florida Research & Education Center 2686 SR 29 North Immokalee FL 34142-9515 USA [email protected]

Dr. Steven E. Naranjo USDA-ARS Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center 21881 N. Cardon Lane Maricopa AZ 85138 USA [email protected]

Section Editors Judith K. Brown University of Arizona USA

Dan Gerling Tel Aviv University Israel

A. Rami Horowitz Agricultural Research Organization Israel

Moshe Lapidot Agricultural Research Organization Israel

James P. Legg International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Tanzania

Steven E. Naranjo USDA-ARS USA

Jane E. Polston University of Florida USA

ISBN 978-90-481-2459-6 e-ISBN 978-90-481-2460-2 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2460-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009944102 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 The rights retain by the US Government, as one of the editors is a US Government employee. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Whitefly – USDA-ARS, Scott Bauer Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

This book is dedicated to Dr. Jacquelyn (Jackie) L. Blackmer (1954–2008), a coauthor of Chapter 5 and a renowned entomologist in the field of insect behavior, insect-plant interactions, and insect dispersal and migration. During postdoctoral work at The University of Arizona and her most recent tenure with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service in Arizona she made numerous advances in understanding the behavior, physiology and ecology of Bemisia tabaci. Dr. Blackmer conducted some of the first and still the most comprehensive studies on the migratory and short-range flight behavior of Bemisia tabaci including the role of environment, physiology, morphology, life history and host quality. She advanced our understanding of host quality factors in whitefly life history, developed an artificial diet system, and examined the flight behavior of whitefly parasitoids. She was a tireless, innovative and inspirational researcher as well as being a generous collaborator, colleague and friend to all with whom she worked. Her significant contributions to entomology will be long remembered and will continue to inspire advances in whitefly biology, ecology and management.

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Contents

Section I

Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics, and Gene Flow in the Bemisia tabaci Complex and Bemisia Relatives Judith K. Brown

1 Systematics of Bemisia and Bem