Benchtop and Handheld Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) as Alternative for Selenium Concentration Measurement
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Benchtop and Handheld Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) as Alternative for Selenium Concentration Measurement in Biofortified Broccoli Seedling Patricia Bachiega 1 & Eduardo de Almeida 2 & Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado 1 & Marco Aurelio Zezzi Arruda 3,4 & Eraldo Luiz Lehmann 3,4 & Maressa Caldeira Morzelle 5 & Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho 2 Received: 4 September 2018 / Accepted: 14 March 2019 / Published online: 25 March 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Biofortification of crops with selenium (Se) is an effective strategy to increase the consumption of this micronutrient. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is one of the most used techniques in quantifying Se. However, due to some disadvantages (high cost, long analysis time, and being destructive), there is a need for new alternatives to Se quantification. This study aimed at establishing instrumental parameters for Se quantification, using two energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) techniques (benchtop and handheld) in Se-biofortified broccoli seedlings and comparing it with ICPMS. The results showed that the selection of proper filters for both EDXRF systems was crucial for determining Se and, when compared with ICP-MS, presented similar results for selenium-biofortified broccoli seedling treatments (BS50Se). In addition, the EDXRF techniques presented a Se limit of detection (LOD) at 0.6–0.9 mg kg−1. This study demonstrates that EDXRF systems were successfully applied to concentration measurement of Se in biofortified samples and linked to low cost and shorter analysis time. Keywords Brassica oleracea . X-ray fluorescence . Complex matrices . Biofortification . Leaves . Selenium
* Patricia Bachiega [email protected] 1
Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Escola Superior de Agricultura BLuiz de Queiroz^/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
2
Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear (LIN), Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (CENA/USP), Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil
3
Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química Grupo de Espectrometria, Preparo de Amostra e Mecanização – GEPAM, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
4
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
5
Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (FANUT/UFMT), Rua Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
Introduction Selenium—at low concentrations—is an essential metalloid in the human diet (Nunes et al. 2012). Scientific studies have already demonstrated its essential role in various functions, such as antioxidant defense (Rayman 2000), immune function (Khoso et al. 2015), thyroid hormone formation (Wichman et al. 2016), and
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