Big Science Transformed Science, Politics and Organization in Europ
This book analyses the emergence of a transformed Big Science in Europe and the United States, using both historical and sociological perspectives. It shows how technology-intensive natural sciences grew to a prominent position in Western societies during
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Big Science Transformed
Olof Hallonsten
Big Science Transformed Science, Politics and Organization in Europe and the United States
Olof Hallonsten Department of Business Administration Lund University Lund, Sweden
ISBN 978-3-319-32737-2 ISBN 978-3-319-32738-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32738-9
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950060 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover design by Samantha Johnson Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Contents
1
Introduction and Framework
2
History and Politics
43
3
Organization
99
4
Resilience and Renewal
125
5
Users and Productivity
161
6
Socio-Economic Expectations and Impacts
185
7
The Implications of Transformation
207
1
Appendices
241
Bibliography
263
Acknowledgements
287
Index
289 v
List of Figures
Fig. 2.1 Fig. 2.2
Fig. 4.1 Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.3 Fig. 4.4 Fig. 4.5 Fig. 4.6 Fig. A.1 Fig. A.2 Fig. A.3 Fig. A.4 Fig. A.5 Fig. A.6
Federal US governmental expenditure on R&D, 1955–2011, in constant (2005) $ billion Time series of capital investment (actual appropriations) within Basic Energy Sciences (BES) in the DOE appropriations bills, 1984–2014, with major projects identified Galison’s model of intercalation for the evolution of physics Refined model of intercalation for the renewal of a Big Science lab Typology of processes of gradual institutional change Schematic illustration of the overall, long-term renewal of SLAC Illustration and timeline of the renewal of SLAC, 1961–2012 Overall federal expenditure on SLAC, 1999–2012, divided on major budget line items Schematic layout of a particle physics facility Schematic layout of a storage ring-based synchrotron radiation facility Schematic layouts of two types of free electron laser facilities Schematic layout of a reactor
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