Bright red luminescence emission of macroporous honeycomb-like Eu 3+ ion-doped ZnO nanoparticles developed by gel-combus
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Bright red luminescence emission of macroporous honeycomb‑like Eu3+ ion‑doped ZnO nanoparticles developed by gel‑combustion technique E. Indrajith Naik1 · H. S. Bhojya Naik1 · R. Viswanath1 · I. K. Suresh Gowda1 · M. C. Prabhakara2 Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The impact of europium (Eu3+) ion doping has been outlined in improving the structure and optical properties of macroporous honeycomb-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, produced by the gel-combustion technique by changing the quantity of dopant. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) research verified that the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO was not disturbed by Eu3+ substitution. Scherrer method, Scherrer plots (SP), Williamson-Hall (W–H) plots and Size-Strain plots (SSP) were used to estimate the crystallite size. Decreased crystallite size in ZnO:Eu3+ was noticed along with lower angle shift of XRD peaks and increased lattice parameters such as unit cell volume that can be described as replacement result of Eu3+ at Zn sites. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the Eu3+ dopant by moving the peak from 474 cm−1 to 525 cm−1. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) pictures verified macroporous honeycomb-like structures. UV–Visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopic studies show that the ability of ZnO:Eu3+ nanoparticles concerning the absorption of visible light increased upon Eu3+ doping with a red shift compared to ZnO nanoparticles. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of Eu3+ doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibited five intense band emissions at 579, 591, 617, 652, and 706 nm ascribed to 5D0 → 7F0, 5D0 → 7F1, 5D0 → 7F2, 5D0 → 7F3, and 5D0 → 7F4 transitions of Eu3+ ions when excited at 465 nm wavelength, originated from intra-4f transition of Eu3+ ions, respectively. ZnO:Eu3+ nanoparticles intensified with concentration progression and revealed as nanoparticles emitting red under 465 nm excitation. Keywords Macroporous honeycomb-like structure · ZnO · Eu3+ doped ZnO · X-ray diffraction · Photoluminescence
1 Introduction Nanostructure such as CdS, S nO2, TiO2, ZnS, ZnO, etc. with particular morphologies has drawn growing attention in the latest years due to their technological applications and unique optical characteristics [1–5]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatility of the II–VI direct band gap semiconductor with a large 3.37 eV band gap with a large 60 meV excitonic binding energy [6–9]. The band gap and optical characteristics of ZnO nanostructure can be customized by altering the shape
and size of the particles and by doping ZnO structures with separate components. The wide-band gap energy of ZnO is an adaptable host lattice for doping various components [10]. Semiconductors with rare earth (RE) doped materials are essential because of the prospective applications of such materials in optoelectronic systems, optical communication, X-ray panel display, scintillators and biological labels [11, 12]. The elevated fluorescence effectiveness of
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