Building a sanitary vulnerability map from open source data in Argentina (2010-2018)
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(2020) 19:204
RESEARCH
Open Access
Building a sanitary vulnerability map from open source data in Argentina (2010-2018) Germán Federico Rosati1,2*†
, Tomás Alberto Olego3,4† and H. Antonio Vazquez Brust3†
Abstract Background: Designing public health policies to target the needs of specific places requires highly granular data. When geographic health statistics from official sources are absent or lacking in spatial detail, Sanitary Vulnerability metrics derived from Census and other georeferenced public data can be used to identify areas in particular need of attention. With that aim, a Vulnerability Map was developed, identifying areas with a substantial deficit in its population health coverage. As a result a novel methodology for measuring Sanitary Vulnerability is presented, that can potentially be applied to different time periods or geographies. Methods: Census, official listings of public health facilities and crowdsourced georeferenced data are used. The Vulnerability Index is built using dimensionality reduction techniques such as Autoencoders and Non-parametric PCA. Main results: The high resolution map shows the geographical distribution of a Sanitary Vulnerability Index, produced using official and crowdsourced open data sources, overcoming the lack of official sources on health indicators at the local level. Conclusions: The Sanitary Vulnerability Map’s value as a tool for place specific policymaking was validated by using it to predict local health related metrics such as health coverage. Further lines of work contemplate using the Map to study the interaction between Sanitary Vulnerability and the prevalence of different diseases, and also applying its methodology in the context of other public services such as education, security, housing, etc. Keywords: Sample, Article, Health, Vulnerability, Census, Public policy, Open data
Background The notion of Sanitary Vulnerability1 is related with health determinants. In other words, there are certain factors and variables that are strongly linked with the health status - in an broad fashion, in terms of biology, psychology and social aspects- of a person or population. These 1The
research that sustains this paper has been funded by the Bunge & Born Foundation.
*Correspondence: [email protected] † Germán Rosati, Tomás Alberto Olego and H. Antonio Vazquez Brust contributed equally to this work. 1 National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2 Institute for High Social Studies, University of San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, B1650HMI San Martín, Argentina Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
determinants can be of different types and if they are absent or weak, a state of vulnerability occurs. We built an indicator that tries to identify places where high Sanitary Vulnerability prevails. That is, places where it is not possible to attain the minimum threshold in terms of access to health services. To do so, articulating an operative definition of
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