Can Team-Based Learning (TBL) Be Used to Deliver Postgraduate Education in Transfusion Medicine for UK Physicians?
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Can Team-Based Learning (TBL) Be Used to Deliver Postgraduate Education in Transfusion Medicine for UK Physicians? Jane Graham 1,2
&
Conrad Hayes 2 & Kate Pendry 3
# The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Background There is global need for evidence-based methodologies to effectively deliver transfusion training. This research critically assesses both efficacy and the practicalities of introducing team-based learning (TBL) to deliver transfusion medicine education to UK postgraduate doctors (residency equivalence). Study Design and Methods One TBL orientation session and three transfusion medicine sessions, mapped to the 2012 Foundation Programme curriculum, were designed adhering to TBL principles. These were delivered by one tutor during ‘compulsory’ (except rota commitments and leave) educational sessions. Team continuity plus trainee reaction, knowledge acquisition and behaviour were evaluated. Results Forty-eight doctors received a mean 2.5 TBL sessions. Five teams were developed with average team membership of 5.85 doctors per session. Overall team continuity (total team members attending/potential team members × 100) was 65% over the four sessions. Qualitative and quantitative trainee reaction to TBL was positive. Objective knowledge acquisition showed improved team knowledge over individual knowledge. Mean team readiness assurance testing (RAT) score exceeded maximum individual RAT score in 90% of cases. Subjective knowledge acquisition significantly improved, although confidence concerning prescribing declined. The reported time spent preparing for sessions correlated with enjoyment, subjective knowledge gain and clinical confidence. Preparation time was reported as ‘adequate’ or ‘excellent’ in 86% of anonymous feedback. Conclusion TBL is an enjoyable and effective approach to deliver transfusion education to doctors, particularly when preparation is adequate. Team continuity is poor despite ‘compulsory’ education sessions. This must be considered when designing and delivering TBL sessions in the UK postgraduate medical setting. Keywords Teaching methods: team-based learning . Flipped-classroom . Clinical teaching: residents . Postgraduate education . Graduate medical education . Transfusion medicine . Red cell prescribing
Introduction Education and competency assessment within transfusion medicine remain key issues in patient safety. Adverse events in transfusion most likely occur because of human error rather
* Jane Graham [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical Haematology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 6QG, UK
2
School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
3
Patient services, NHS Blood & Transplant, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
than pathological reaction [1]. Current educational methods fail to equip doctors with adequate knowledge [2–4] or clinical competency [5], and potentially avoidable errors often involve junior medical staff
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