Cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 versus influenza infection: a review
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REVIEW
Open Access
Cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 versus influenza infection: a review Muhammad Shahzeb Khan1, Izza Shahid2, Stefan D. Anker3, Scott D. Solomon4, Orly Vardeny5, Erin D. Michos6, Gregg C. Fonarow7 and Javed Butler8*
Abstract Background: Due to the overlapping clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza, parallels are often drawn between the two diseases. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are at a higher risk for severe manifestations of both illnesses. Considering the high transmission rate of COVID-19 and with the seasonal influenza approaching in late 2020, the dual epidemics of COVID-19 and influenza pose serious cardiovascular implications. This review highlights the similarities and differences between influenza and COVID-19 and the potential risks associated with coincident pandemics. Main body: COVID-19 has a higher mortality compared to influenza with case fatality rate almost 15 times more than that of influenza. Additionally, a significantly increased risk of adverse outcomes has been noted in patients with CVD, with ~ 15 to 70% of COVID-19 related deaths having an underlying CVD. The critical care need have ranged from 5 to 79% of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, a proportion substantially higher than with influenza. Similarly, the frequency of vascular thrombosis including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is markedly higher in COVID-19 patients compared with influenza in which vascular complications are rarely seen. Unexpectedly, while peak influenza season is associated with increased cardiovascular hospitalizations, a decrease of ~ 50% in cardiovascular hospitalizations has been observed since the first diagnosed case of COVID-19, owing in part to deferred care. Conclusion: In the coming months, increasing efforts towards evaluating new interventions will be vital to curb COVID-19, especially as peak influenza season approaches. Currently, not enough data exist regarding co-infection of COVID-19 with influenza or how it would progress clinically, though it may cause a significant burden on an already struggling health care system. Until an effective COVID-19 vaccination is available, high coverage of influenza vaccination should be of utmost priority.
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), was first identified in December 2019 and has since evolved into a worldwide pandemic [1]. By September 2020, there have been over 25 million reported cases with over a million fatalities due to COVID-19 across 188 countries worldwide [2]. This has led to a * Correspondence: [email protected] 8 Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
major shift in reallocation of healthcare resources to cater the surge of COVID-19 patients by increasing inpatient beds dedicated to COVID-19 unit, expanding intensive
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