Change in Agrochemical Properties of Sod-Podzolic Soil in the Vegetation Period of Winter Rye
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EMISTRY. SOIL SCIENCE
Change in Agrochemical Properties of Sod-Podzolic Soil in the Vegetation Period of Winter Rye N. E. Zavyalovaa, * and O. V. Ivanovaa aPerm
Research Institute of Agriculture, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobanovo, Perm krai, 614532 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received February 26, 2020; revised March 20, 2020; accepted March 30, 2020
Abstract—The effect of prolonged use of increasing doses of NPK on the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium forms available to plants in the fallow field of crop rotation and the change in these parameters during the growing season of winter rye was investigated. It was established that the content of labile phosphorus (148–540 mg/kg) and exchangeable potassium (138–403 mg/kg), depending on the long-term experimental variant, was high and very high before planting winter rye and throughout the entire period of plant growth and development. The dynamics of nitrate-nitrogen in the fallow field was characterized by a variation of this indicator at the beginning and end of June from low (3.4–4.3 mg/kg) to medium (12.9–17.3 mg/kg) depending on the experimental variant and high in August (13.0–18.8 mg/kg) according to Kravkov’s scale. A tendency toward a decrease in actual cellulolytic activity with an increase in the dose of complete mineral fertilizer was noted. A decrease in mineral nitrogen in the soil by 3.5 to 4.0 times from planting to harvesting winter rye was revealed. In the conditions of the cold and waterlogged vegetation period of 2019, a low harvest of winter rye of 2.79–3.59 t/ha (Ff < Ft) was formed, and its value was practically independent of the dose of applied fertilizers. Keywords: sod-podzolic soil, fallow, nutrients, nitrification DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420040199
INTRODUCTION Winter rye is the most important food and feed crop, and it is less demanding on soil and climatic conditions than other cereal crops. It is cultivated in the Kirov oblast, the Udmurt Republic, Perm krai, and other regions where low-fertile soils prevail. However, in recent years, the planting acreage for rye has been reduced [1]. High and stable productivity of podzolic soils, prevailing in the Perm krai and characterized by low natural fertility, under the conditions of a short growing season and heat deficiency can be achieved by the systematic scientifically substantiated use of agrochemical means [2–4]. Winter rye responds well to mineral fertilizers. According to scientists [5– 7], 30–35% of all nitrogen and a quarter (22–27%) of phosphorus and potassium used for the formation of the crop harvest is consumed by rye during emergence of seedlings until the end of autumn tillering. In the fallow field, the most favorable conditions for the mineralization of organic residues of the previous culture are formed and nitrification processes proceed most efficiently [8–11]. In compliance with fallow tillage technology under the influence of natural moisture and periodic mechanical treatments in sodpodzolic soils
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