Characteristics of methane emissions in the Living Water Garden in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2017
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characteristics of methane emissions in the Living Water Garden in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2017 Ru Xue 1 & Xiaoling Liu 2 & Xiaoying Fu 3 & Hongbing Luo 1,4,5 & Ke Zhang 4,5 & Bruce C. Anderson 6 & Mei Li 7 & Bo Huang 8 & Lijuan Yu 8 & Xiaoting Li 9 & Shuzhi Fu 8 & Aiping Pu 10 & Liangqian Fan 4,5 & Wei Chen 4,5 Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract CH4 flux measured by a portable chamber using an infrared analyzer was compared with the flux by static chamber measurement for CW at 13 different sites from May 2012 to May 2017 in the Living Water Garden (LWG) in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, over 4 timescales (daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual). During the measurement period, a total of 1443 data were collected. CH4 fluxes were measured using the portable chamber method and the results showed that the annual mean and median CH4 flux values in the LWG were 17.4 mg m−2 h−1 and 6.2 mg m−2 h−1, respectively, ranging from − 19.7 to 98.0 mg m−2 h−1. Cumulative CH4 emissions for LWG ranged from − 0.17 to 0.86 kg m−2 year−1. Global warming potential (GWP, 25.7 kg CO2eq m−2 year−1) was at a high level, which means that the LWG was a source of CH4 emissions. Significant temporal variations on the 4 timescales were observed. And the asymmetry of measurement uncertainty of CH4 flux increases with the timescale. Although the total mean CH4 flux measured by the portable chamber method was 42.1% lower than that of the static chamber method, the temporal variation trends of CH4 flux were similar. The uncertainty of CH4 flux measured in portable chamber was more symmetrical than that in static chamber. These results suggest that the portable chamber method has considerable value as a long-term measurement method for CH4 flux temporal variations. Keywords Constructed wetland . Methane flux . Portable chamber . Static chamber . Global warming potential
Ru Xue, Xiaoling Liu and Xiaoying Fu contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Alexandros Stefanakis * Hongbing Luo [email protected] Ru Xue [email protected] Xiaoling Liu [email protected] Xiaoying Fu [email protected] Ke Zhang [email protected] Bruce C. Anderson [email protected] Mei Li [email protected]
Bo Huang [email protected] Lijuan Yu [email protected] Xiaoting Li [email protected] Shuzhi Fu [email protected] Aiping Pu [email protected] Liangqian Fan [email protected] Wei Chen [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Environ Sci Pollut Res
Introduction Constructed wetlands (CWs) are man-made wetlands artificially developed in areas where they do not occur naturally, and offer effective, reliable treatment of wastewater in a simple and inexpensive manner (Zhao and Liu 2013; Vymazal 2019). To date, CWs are commonly used to treat different types of wastewater (Brix and Arias 2005; Healy et al. 2007; Li et al. 2008; Pappalardo et al. 2016; Riggio et al. 2018) and are used around the world. In China, CWs a
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