Childhood Adversity, Proximal Stressors and PTSD Among People with Severe Mental Illness: An Exploratory Study
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Childhood Adversity, Proximal Stressors and PTSD Among People with Severe Mental Illness: An Exploratory Study Richard E. Adams1 · Natalie Bonfine2 · Christian Ritter2 Received: 14 February 2019 / Accepted: 9 March 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this exploratory study is to: (1) assess prevalence of childhood adversities and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (2) assess their association, and; (3) explore whether proximal sources of stress affect this relationship and/or have an association with PTSD among people with severe and persistent psychological disorders. Using data from 141 respondents, we assess the extent to which individuals in this population experienced 17 PTSD symptoms, various correlates to probable PTSD, and the most relevant of these factors in a multivariate logistic regression. Overall, 27% of the participants met study criteria for probable PTSD and each symptom was reported by at least 18% of the sample. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated that interpersonal conflict and being a victim of a crime were significantly related to probable PTSD. We discuss these findings in relation to treatment and course of disease for people suffering from severe and persistent mental illness experiencing a traumatic event. Keywords Serious mental illness · PTSD · Stress · Childhood adversity · Trauma
Introduction The relationship between trauma exposure and the onset and course of mental health problems, especially posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), has been well documented (Adams et al. 2011; Beards et al. 2013; Breslau et al. 1998; Bromet et al. 1998; Brewin et al. 2000; Rubonis and Bickman 1991). Relatively few studies have examined this association among people with severe mental illness (Grubaugh et al. 2011; Hardy and Mueser 2017; Mueser et al. 2002). Trauma exposure, however, has been shown to be common among people suffering from a severe psychological disorder (Beards et al. 2013; Chessen et al. 2011; Mueser et al. 2004; Neria et al. 2002). Additionally, experiences related to trauma have been found to impact the course of psychological disorders and effectiveness of treatment (Rosenberg et al. 2001). In this study, we assess exposure to childhood adversity and ongoing stressors and their association with probable PTSD * Richard E. Adams [email protected] 1
Department of Sociology, Kent State University, 700 Hilltop Drive, 215 Merrill Hall, Kent, OH 44242‑0001, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
2
in a sample of people suffering from severe mental illness living in the community. Severe mental illness refers to psychiatric conditions with a prolonged duration of illness and severe functional impairment or disability (Demyttenaere et al. 2004; Kessler et al. 2005). Often, symptoms of serious mental illness put individuals who experience them at the greatest risk for criminal justice involvement, homelessness, hospitalization and/or involunt
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