CL-IoT: cross-layer Internet of Things protocol for intelligent manufacturing of smart farming
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
CL-IoT: cross-layer Internet of Things protocol for intelligent manufacturing of smart farming Hemant B. Mahajan1 · Anil Badarla2 · Aparna A. Junnarkar3 Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) for Intelligent Manufacturing of Smart Farming gained significant attention from researchers to automate various farming applications called Smart Farming (SF). The sensors and actuators deployed across the farm using which farmers receive periodic farm information related to temperature, soil moisture, light intensity, and water used, etc. The clustering-based methods are proven energy-efficient solutions for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, by considering long-distance communications and scalable networks of IoT enabled SF; the present clustering solutions cannot be feasible and having higher delay and latency for various SF applications. To focus on requirements SF applications, an efficient and scalable protocol for remote monitoring and decision making of farms in rural regions called CL-IoT protocol proposed. A cross-layer-based clustering and routing algorithms have designed to reduce network communication delay, latency, and energy consumption. The cross-layer-based optimal Cluster Head (CH) selection solution proposed to overcome the energy asymmetry problem in WSN. The parameters of different layers like a physical, medium access control (MAC), and network layer of each sensor used to evaluate and select optimal CH and efficient data transmission. The nature-inspired algorithm proposed with a novel probabilistic decision rule functions as a fitness function to discover the optimal route for data transmission. The performance of the CL-IoT protocol analyzed using NS2 by considering the energyefficiency, computational-efficiency, and QoS-efficiency factors. Compared to state-of-art IoT-based farming methods, the CL-IoT reduces energy consumption, communication overhead, and end-to-end delay up to a certain extent and maximizes the network throughput. Keywords Cross-layer · Clustering · Intelligent manufacturing · Nature-inspired algorithm · Smart farming · Internet of Things
1 Introduction Since the last decade, the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm received significant researcher’s attention for intelligent manufacturing based real-time applications. One such application is Intelligent Manufacturing of Smart Farming (IMSF) of IoT to automate the farming process to grow agricultural productivity and conserves supplies like power, water, etc. As the IoT delivered the novel dimension * Hemant B. Mahajan [email protected] 1
University of Technology, Jaipur, India
2
Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Technology, Jaipur, India
3
PES Modern College of Engineering, Pune, India
for the precision farming domain, it should be transformative and user friendly for end-users. The farm conditions such as soil depreciation, exhausting lands, exces
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