Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with preserved versus mid-range ejection fraction
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with preserved versus mid-range ejection fraction Ibrahim Marai1,2 · Nizar Andria1,2 · Liza Grosman‑Rimon1 · Evgeni Hazanov1,2 · Wadi Kinany1,2 · Diab Ghanim1,2 · Offer Amir2,3 · Shemy Carasso1,2 Received: 6 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A wide range of ejection fraction (EF) thresholds have been used to categorize patients with heart failure (HF) with “preserved” EF. Our goal was to characterize the clinical and echocardiographic differences among patients with cardiac structural/functional alterations and mid-range EF (mrEF) (EF 40–49%) compared to preserved EF (pEF) (EF ≥ 50%), irrespective of HF.Patients with an EF ≥ 40% and echocardiographic evidence of structural alterations (left atrial enlargement and/or left ventricular hypertrophy) and/or functional alterations (evidence of diastolic dysfunction) were retrospectively selected. Patients with acute coronary syndromes and ≥ moderate left sided valvular diseases were excluded. Patients were divided according to EF to pEF group (n = 578) and mrEF (n = 86). Patients with mrEF were twice as likely to be men, had higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia, diabetes and smoking, compared to patients with pEF. History of coronary artery disease (CAD) was more frequent among mrEF (50% vs. 28%, p
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