Clinical outcomes in patients with left ventricle trabeculation or noncompaction
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Clinical outcomes in patients with left ventricle trabeculation or noncompaction Hyungseop Kim1 · In‑Cheol Kim1 · Jin‑Wook Chung2 Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Trabeculation exhibits highly varied presentations, whereas noncompaction (NC) is a specific disease entity based arithmeti‑ cally on wall thickness. We aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of trabeculation and its relevance to outcomes. A total of 296 patients (age 63 ± 12 years; 64% men) with trabeculation who underwent echocardiography were retrospectively identi‑ fied between January 2011 and December 2012. Analyses were conducted on distinguished trabeculation which was divided into NC (maximum noncompacted/compacted ratio ≥ 2.0) or hypertrabeculation (HT) (ratio 3.0 before performing multivariable analysis. Interand intraobserver variability for the ratio of noncompacted to compacted layers was evaluated using the intraclass cor‑ relation coefficient (ICC) on 21 randomly selected trabecula‑ tion images. For intraobserver variability, the same observer evaluated the same image > 2 weeks later. For interobserver variability, the other observer, who was blinded to the results
The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
Fig. 1 Determination of the maximal ratio of the noncompacted/ compacted layer in different types of underlying heart diseases. Illus‑ trative examples of noncompaction or hypertrabeculation include a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with noncompaction (ratio of 2.96), b
ischemic heart disease with noncompaction (ratio of 2.78), c dilated cardiomyopathy with noncompaction (ratio of 2.57), and d dilated cardiomyopathy with hypertrabeculation (ratio of 1.41). C compacted layer, NC noncompacted layer
of the first observer, evaluated the trabeculation images. A p-value Moderate MR, n (%) > Moderate AR, n (%) > Moderate TR, n (%) Medications, n (%) Antiplatelets Anticoagulations Beta-blockers
All patients (n = 296)
Hypertrabeculation (n = 123)
Noncompaction (n = 173)
p value
62.50 ± 12.19 188 (63.5) 125.10 ± 19.09 72.76 ± 13.19 76.57 ± 13.57 80 (27.0) 27 (9.1) 139 (47.0) 90 (30.4) 70 (23.6)
62.15 ± 11.39 79 (64.2) 127.29 ± 17.08 72.57 ± 11.85 77.6 ± 14.17 26 (21.1) 12 (9.8) 59 (48.0) 32 (26.0) 34 (27.6)
62.74 ± 12.76 109 (63.0) 123.55 ± 20.31 72.9 ± 14.10 75.84 ± 13.12 54 (31.2) 15 (8.7) 80 (46.2) 58 (33.5) 36 (20.8)
0.685 0.903 0.096 0.831 0.271 0.063 0.838 0.814 0.200 0.212
39 (13.2) 7 (2.4) 81 (27.4) 10 (3.4) 65 (22.0) 95 (32.1) 39 (13.2) 33 (11.1) 23 (7.8)
18 (14.6) 4 (3.3) 33 (26.8) 3 (2.4) 28 (22.8) 36 (28.3) 18 (14.6) 12 (9,8) 6 (4.9)
21 (12.1) 3 (1.7) 48 (27.7) 7 (4.0) 37 (21.4) 59 (34.1) 21 (12.1) 21 (12.1) 17 (9.8)
0.602 0.455 0.895 0.530 0.778 0.449 0.602 0.578 0.129
5.62 ± 1.60 4.08 ± 1.48 0.93 ± 0.55 0.92 ± 0.17 47.8 ± 17.1 113.2 ± 17.5 59.8 ± 12.3 0.56 ± 0.65 5 (1.7) 4.27 ± 1.31
5.51 ± 1.81 4.04 ± 1.28 0.93 ± 0.17 0.91 ± 0.17 48.8 ± 18.0 112.5 ± 16.3 58.3 ± 11.3 0.53 ± 0.55 1 (0.8) 4.16 ± 0.79
5.71 ± 1.32 4.12
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