Clusterin Expression in Non-neoplastic Adenohypophyses and Pituitary Adenomas: Cytoplasmic Clusterin Localization in Ade
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Clusterin Expression in Non-neoplastic Adenohypophyses and Pituitary Adenomas: Cytoplasmic Clusterin Localization in Adenohypophysis is Related to Aging A. Işın Doğan Ekici & Bülent Eren & Nursel Türkmen & Nil Çomunoğlu & Recep Fedakar
Published online: 1 February 2008 # Humana Press Inc. 2008
Abstract Clusterin is a circulating multifunctional glycoprotein produced in several kinds of epithelial and neuronal cells. Clusterin is upregulated during different physiological and pathological states, such as senescence, type-2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease, and in various neoplasms. Herein, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of clusterin in non-neoplastic adenohypophysis of human autopsy subjects and pituitary adenomas. We also investigated the association of clusterin increase with age in adenohypophysis of autopsy subjects. Immunohistochemically, clusterin was found positive in the cytoplasm of all adenoma cases, and in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells, stellate cells, mixed cell follicles and in colloidal material inside of the follicles of non-neoplastic adenohypophysis as well. Clusterin expression in pituitary adenomas was found significantly higher than in non-neoplastic adenohypophyses. In addition, in non-neoplastic adenohypophysis, a significant increase in clusterin expression levels between young (≤30 years), middle aged (31 to 60 years), and older (≥61 years) subjects (p0.05 significant)
aging, particularly for forensic purposes, it would be helpful. Several procedures such as skeletal and dental maturation and degeneration, histological and immunohistochemical investigations of skeletal muscle, cerebrum, hippocampus, and pituitary gland were also reported previously during age estimation [2, 20, 24, 26]. Clusterin use for this purpose should be searched in larger groups of subjects further. Surprisingly, we also detected a significant association between increased clusterin expression and age of adenoma cases, but this finding might be incidental because of the limited number of our cases. Therefore, to verify this association, further studies in larger series of pituitary adenomas are required. Increased clusterin levels were reported in various neoplasms such as colonic adenomas and carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, urothelial carcinomas, and laryngeal carcinomas as well [12, 13, 16, 18, 23]. However, clusterin localization in pituitary adenomas was not reported previously. Upregulation of clusterin was found correlated with aggressive behavior and decreased survival in some neoplasms [12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 23]. Several authors have proposed that the anti-apoptotic activity of clusterin may account in part for the genesis and biologically aggressive behavior of some types of tumor cells [17, 18]. Clusterin has been involved in apoptosis as a proapoptotic or antiapoptotic molecule in a variety of models and under distinct experimental conditions [21]. It was reported that clusterin gene encoded for a family of different protein isoforms, which were derived
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