Cognitive performance in healthy women during induced hypogonadism and ovarian steroid addback
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cognitive performance in healthy women during induced hypogonadism and ovarian steroid addback Peter J. Schmidt & P. A. Keenan & Linda A. Schenkel & Kate Berlin & Carolyn Gibson & David R. Rubinow
Received: 15 February 2012 / Accepted: 23 October 2012 / Published online: 28 November 2012 # Springer-Verlag Wien (outside the USA) 2012
Abstract Gynecology clinic-based studies have consistently demonstrated that induced hypogonadism is accompanied by a decline in cognitive test performance. However, a recent study in healthy asymptomatic controls observed that neither induced hypogonadism nor estradiol replacement influenced cognitive performance. Thus, the effects of induced hypogonadism on cognition might not be uniformly experienced across individual women. Moreover, discrepancies in the effects of hypogonadism on cognition also could suggest the existence of specific risk phenotypes that predict a woman’s symptomatic experience during menopause. In this study, we examined the effects of induced hypogonadism and ovarian steroid replacement on cognitive
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0316-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This work was written as part of Dr. Schmidt’s official duties as a government employee. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the NIMH, NIH, HHS, or the United States Government. P. J. Schmidt (*) : L. A. Schenkel : K. Berlin : C. Gibson Section on Behavioral Endocrinology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health & Human Services, Bldg. 10-CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Dr MSC 1277, Bethesda, MD 20892-1277, USA e-mail: [email protected] P. A. Keenan Global Medical Affairs, JANSSEN Alzheimer Immunotherapy R&D (formerly Wayne State University), 22 Tanglewood Drive, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA D. R. Rubinow Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
performance in healthy premenopausal women. Ovarian suppression was induced with a GnRH agonist (Lupron) and then physiologic levels of estradiol and progesterone were reintroduced in 23 women. Cognitive tests were administered during each hormone condition. To evaluate possible practice effects arising during repeated testing, an identical battery of tests was administered at the same time intervals in 11 untreated women. With the exception of an improved performance on mental rotation during estradiol, we observed no significant effects of estradiol or progesterone on measures of attention, concentration, or memory compared with hypogonadism. In contrast to studies in which a decline in cognitive performance was observed in women receiving ovarian suppression therapy for an underlying gynecologic condition, we confirm a prior report demonstrating that short-term changes in gonadal steroids have a limited effect on cognition in young, healthy women. Differences in the clinical characteristics of the women recei
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