Combined Hrem and Eels Studies of the Electron Beam Induced Reduction of Maximal-Valence Transition-Metal Oxides.
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COMBINED HREM AND EELS STUDIES OF THE ELECTRON BEAM INDUCED REDUCTION OF
MAXIMAL-VALENCE TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES. NEIL J. LONG and AMANDA K. PETFORD-LONG Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287. ABSTRACT High resolution electron microscopy has been used in conjunction with electron energy loss spectroscopy to follow the beam-induced reduction of V03 , V2 0 5 and CuO, all of which are maximal valence oxides. All three oxides underwent reduction, although there are differences in the reduction pathway: WO 3 is reduced directly to the metal by loss of oxygen from the surface layers; CuO is reduced to the metal via at least two intermediate oxides (Cu4 03 and Cu2 0); and V2 05 forms a reduced oxide (possibly V6 01 3 ) and then remains stable. It was possible to drill holes in V2 05 with an intense, small electron probe (using a field-emission electron gun) provided the sample had previously only been exposed to an electron dose below a critical value (
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