Communicating Science in Social Contexts New models, new practices

Science communication, as a multidisciplinary field, has developed remarkably in recent years. It is now a distinct and exceedingly dynamic science that melds theoretical approaches with practical experience. Formerly well-established theoretical models n

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Donghong Cheng · Michel Claessens Toss Gascoigne · Jenni Metcalfe Bernard Schiele · Shunke Shi Editors

Communicating Science in Social Contexts New models, new practices

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Communicating Science in Social Contexts New models, new practices

Donghong Cheng • Michel Claessens Toss Gascoigne • Jenni Metcalfe Bernard Schiele • Shunke Shi Editors

Communicating Science in Social Contexts New models, new practices

Editors Donghong Cheng China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) Beijing P.R. China

Michel Claessens European Commission Brussels Belgium

Toss Gascoigne Council for the Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (CHASS) University of Canberra Bruce, ACT Australia

Jenni Metcalfe Econnect Communication South Brisbane, QLD Australia

Bernard Schiele Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Canada

Shunke Shi China Research Institute for Science Popularization Beijing P.R. China

Courtesy of the European Commission

ISBN 978-1-4020-8597-0

e-ISBN 978-1-4020-8598-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008929545 © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

Foreword José Manuel Silva Rodríguez

I am pleased to introduce this book, which I am sure will enhance the dialogue between science and society—nowadays an important element of the scientific and technical landscape. The European Commission is deeply committed to facilitating the dialogue between science and society and has taken numerous recent initiatives in this context. Promoting dialogue between science and society or, more precisely, putting science back into society is one of the priorities of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme, which runs from 2007 to 2013. There are specific budgets allocated to these activities. In addition, the contracts the Commission signs for projects of the Seventh Framework Programme require beneficiaries to ‘take appropriate measures to engage with the public and the media about the project aims and results’. In February 2007, the European Commission adopted a communication entitled Scientific information in the digital age: Access, dissemination and preservation with the aim of starting a political debate on the scientific publication system, which everyone says should be reformed from top to bottom. All of these initiatives are designed to provide wider public access to scientific knowledge and ongoing research. The objective is to develop a genuine ‘scientific communication culture’ in Europe. The ‘scientist in his ivory tower’ is still a reality, and this contributes to the current wary atmosphere, at least in Europe. This is why th