Comparable Ecological Processes Govern the Temporal Succession of Gut Bacteria and Microeukaryotes as Shrimp Aged
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HOST MICROBE INTERACTIONS
Comparable Ecological Processes Govern the Temporal Succession of Gut Bacteria and Microeukaryotes as Shrimp Aged Jinbo Xiong 1,2
&
Xiaohui Li 2,3 & Maocang Yan 2,4 & Jiaqi Lu 1,2 & Qiongfen Qiu 2 & Jiong Chen 1,2
Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 26 May 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Understanding the rules that govern the successions of gut microbiota is prerequisite for testing general ecological theories and sustaining a desirable microbiota. However, the ignorance of microeukaryotes raises the question of whether gut microeukaryotes are assembled according to the same rules as bacteria. We tracked the shrimp gut bacterial and microeukaryotic communities by a longitudinal dense sampling. The successions of both domains were significantly correlated with host age, with relatively stable microeukaryotic communities in adult shrimp. Gut microeukaryotes exhibited significantly higher turnover rate, but fewer transient species, lower proportion of temporal generalists, and narrower habitat niche breadth than bacteria. The γ-diversity partitioning analysis revealed that the successions of gut microbiotas were primarily ascribed to the high dissimilarity as shrimp aged (β IntraTimes), whereas the relative importance of βIntraTimes was significantly higher for microeukaryotes than that for bacteria. Compared with contrasting ecological processes in governing free-living bacteria and microeukaryotes, the ecological patterns were comparable between host-associated gut counterparts. However, the gut microeukaryotes were governed more strongly by deterministic selection relative to nestedness compared with the gut bacteria, which supports the “size-plasticity” hypothesis. Our results highlight the importance of independently interpreting free-living and host-associated meta-communities for a comprehensive understanding of the processes that govern microbial successions. Keywords Succession of gut microbiota . Niche breadth . Diversity partitioning . Ecological processes . Size-plasticity hypothesis
Introduction A fundamental concern in microbial ecology is what processes govern the temporal dynamics of species [1], since knowledge of these processes enables prediction and manipulation of forthcoming states of a community. This is a particular Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01533-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jinbo Xiong [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
3
DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley 94720, USA
4
Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
significance for the gut microbial communities, as they contribute indispensable roles in regulating host health, fitness, development, and lifesp
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