Comparison of different techniques for estimation of incoming longwave radiation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparison of different techniques for estimation of incoming longwave radiation H. H. Bilgic1 · İ. Mert2 Received: 12 May 2020 / Revised: 3 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Global warming and climate change have left developing countries fragile in terms of agricultural production, and this vulnerability is expected to increase in the near future. The surface energy budget approach is a different perspective to the investigation of energy change over a landscape. In terms of budget items, the net radiation absorbed by the earth is equal to the difference between the sum of the incoming shortwave and longwave radiation and the sum of the reflected shortwave and emitted longwave radiation. The longwave radiation has important effects on dew deposition and drying on crop leaves in agricultural meteorology. A pyranometer provides routine measurement of the daytime radiation, but the longwave part of this radiation cannot be so readily measured at night time. In this study, multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, deep learning, adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and empirical models have been applied to model and estimate the mean incoming longwave radiation using atmospheric parameters. The ANFIS model appears to show good agreement between the measured and the estimated values for all days considered than other models. Keywords Global warming · Longwave radiation · Multilinear regression · ANFIS · Deep learning
Introduction Due to the negative effects of fossil fuel use, the effects of global warming are increasing, glaciers are melting, and natural disasters occur (Yağlı et al. 2016). In addition, the negative effects of environmental pollution have caused considerable harm to humans, animals, and plants alike (Koc et al. 2019a, b). Against all these negativities, clean, reliable, sustainable, and renewable energy sources are extremely important for the future of humanity (Yağlı et al. 2016; Köse et al. 2019). The use of renewable energy sources plays a vital role in reducing countries’ energy dependence. Solar energy can be used to provide electricity to geographic areas where it is difficult to deliver electricity over an established gird. Among renewable energy sources, solar energy has Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia. * İ. Mert [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, Turkey
Osmaniye Vocational School, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
2
the greatest potential. The total solar energy incident on the earth is 1.5 quadrillion (1.5 × 1015) MWh in 1 year. This amount of energy is equivalent to 28,000 times the energy consumed by humanity in this same time period (Yağlı et al. 2019). According to research, the vast majority of the energy needed by the world is provided by the sun in different ways (Koç et al. 2018; Tanç et al. 2019; Ozdemir and Ozdemir 2019; Alagöz et al. 2019). Wind, wave, and biomass energies
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