Comparison of Experimental Methods for Evaluating the Motivational Component of Fish Rheoreaction (Proportions of Rheore
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arison of Experimental Methods for Evaluating the Motivational Component of Fish Rheoreaction (Proportions of Rheoreaction Types) D. S. Pavlova, V. Yu. Parshinaa, V. V. Kostina, *, and D. A. Prozorova aSevertsov
Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences–IPEE RAS, Moscow, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 23, 2020; revised February 3, 2020; accepted February 3, 2020
Abstract—On the example of zebrafish Danio rerio, a new hydrodynamic installation “circular tank with limnozone” was tested to determine one of the indicators of the motivational component of rheoreaction in fish: the ratio of rheoreaction types. In contrast to the fish previously used in this setup, here the fish are given the opportunity to exhibit a rheoreaction of four, but not three types. A comparative analysis of rheoreaction assessment methods using three installations: “fishway”, “circular tank” and “circular tank with limnozone” was carried out. It is shown that the provision of the opportunity to exhibit an optional type of rheoreaction not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively changes the ratio of zebrafish rheoreaction types. The scope of the considered methods is determined. Keywords: zebrafish Danio rerio, motivational component of rheoreaction, ratio of rheoreaction types, methods, hydrodynamic installations DOI: 10.1134/S0032945220040153
INTRODUCTION Migrations of fish are an integral part of their life cycle. Among the various mechanisms of migration, behavioral reactions play a special role. These reactions particularly realize the migratory state of fish. The main behavioral mechanism of the beginning, suspension, and completion of migrations is a change in the motivational component of fish rheoreaction (Pavlov et al., 2010a, 2010b; Zvezdin, 2016). Rheoreaction (earlier known under the term “rheotaxis”), or the relation of fish to the water current, is an innate reaction associated with the life of fish in flowing water. It manifests itself in the selection by the fish of a section of the waterbody with optimal (for actual behavior) water current velocities and the vector of its own movement in it. The manifestation of rheoreaction is determined by three components: orientation, associated with the perception of the stimulus; motivational, the choice of the rheoreaction type and locomotor, the implementation of the rheoreaction of the selected type (Pavlov, 1979; Pavlov et al., 2010). Known indicators of the motivational component include: selectable water current velocities (zones of current velocities) in the rheogradient (Pavlov, 1979), fish rheopreferendum—a choice of two channels either with and without flow (Pavlov et al., 2007), the ratio of rheoreaction types—the ratio of all experimen-
tal estimates of the frequency of manifestations of rheoreaction of various types (Pavlov et al., 2010a). Studies on the selected velocities in the hydrodynamic tray have shown that there are two main forms of the relation of fish to the water current in the rheogradient (Pavlov, 197
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