Complications of cervical total disc replacement and their associations with heterotopic ossification: a systematic revi
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Complications of cervical total disc replacement and their associations with heterotopic ossification: a systematic review and meta‑analysis Nicholas Hui1,2 · Kevin Phan1,2 · Hoi Man Kevin Cheng2 · Yueh‑Hsin Lin2 · Ralph J. Mobbs1,2,3 Received: 22 January 2020 / Revised: 14 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 March 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Although cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) is perceived as a safe procedure, no review to date has quantified the complication rates. Of note, heterotopic ossification (HO), one of the complications of CTDR, is hypothesised to cause adjacent segment degeneration (ASDegeneration). This association has not been proven in meta-analysis. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the pooled prevalence of complications following CTDR among studies that concomitantly reported the rate of HO, and the associations between HO and other complications, including ASDegeneration. Methods Literatures search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Complications were stratified into ≥ 1 and
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