Composition of fish species in the Bering and Chukchi Seas and their responses to changes in the ecological environment
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Composition of fish species in the Bering and Chukchi Seas and their responses to changes in the ecological environment LIN Longshan1*, CHEN Yongjun1, LIAO Yunchih2, ZHANG Jing3, SONG Puqing1, YU Xingguang1, WU Risheng1, SHAO Kwang-tsao2 1 Third
Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, China 3 Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361012, China 2
Received 12 March 2013; accepted 20 August 2013 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract Based on trawl surveys in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea during the 2010 Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, fish biodiversity characteristics, such as fish composition, dominant species, biodiversity, and faunal characteristics were conducted. We also discussed the responses of fishes to the quick changes in Arctic climate. The results showed that a total of 41 species in 14 families were recorded in these waters. The dominant species were Hippoglossoides robustus, Boreogadus saida, Myoxocephalus scorpius, Lumpenus fabricii, and Artediellus scaber. There were 35 coldwater species, accounting for 85.37%, and six cold temperate species, occupying 14.63%. The habitat types of fish could be grouped as follows: 35 species of demersal fishes, five benthopelagic fishes, and one pelagic fish. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index (Hƍ) (range between 0 and 2.18, 1.21 on average) was not high, and descended from south to north. Climate change has caused some fishes to shift along their latitudinal and longitudinal distribution around the Arctic and Subarctic areas, and this could lead to the decline of Arctic fishery resources. Key words: Arctic, fish fauna, biodiversity, responses to ecological environment Citation: Lin Longshan, Chen Yongjun, Liao Yunchih, Zhang Jing, Song Puqing, Yu Xingguang, Wu Risheng, Shao Kwang-tsao. 2014. Composition of fish species in the Bering and Chukchi Seas and their responses to changes in the ecological environment. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(6): 63–73, doi: 10.1007/s13131-014-0490-x
1 Introduction As one of the most sensitive areas responding to global climatic changes (Yu, 2011; Zhang et al., 2011), Arctic seawater is experiencing increasing surface temperature, melting frozen zone, decreasing sea ice, and so on, which have a dramatic impact on the marine environment, organisms, and biosphere (Lubchenco, 2011; Kedra et al., 2010). The plentiful oil, gas, and mineral resources, sailing course, and fishery resources of the Arctic Ocean have become the focus of different countries (Zhang, 2009; Shen et al., 1987). The climatic changes may affect the whole Arctic region and have far-reaching influences on the ecology and even the fishery resources (Arctic Writing Group, 2011). The Bering Sea, located in the northernmost Pacific Ocean, contains a wide continental shelf and rich fishery resources (Wan et al., 2009). The Chukchi Sea, which is the marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, is an important source of
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