Concerted evolution, a slow process for ant satellite DNA: study of the satellite DNA in the Aphaenogaster genus (Hymeno
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Concerted evolution, a slow process for ant satellite DNA: study of the satellite DNA in the Aphaenogaster genus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) P. Lorite 1 & M. Muñoz-López 1,2 & J.A. Carrillo 1,3 & O. Sanllorente 1 & J. Vela 1 & P. Mora 1 & A. Tinaut 4 & M.I. Torres 1 & T. Palomeque 1
Received: 6 January 2017 / Accepted: 24 May 2017 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2017
Abstract A family of satellite DNA is analyzed in seven ant species from the genus Aphaenogaster. This satellite DNA is organized as tandemly repeated sequences with a consensus sequence of 160 bp in length. The sampled sequences show a high similarity and belong to the same family of satellite DNA. However in Aphaenogaster spinosa, two types of repeat clearly differentiated have been found. Phylogenetic analyses using satellite DNA show that sequences do not cluster in a species-specific way, with one exception. Concretely, the second type of repeats of A. spinosa (APSP-II) which constitutes a new satellite DNA subfamily. The obtained results with satellite DNA are compared with those obtained using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to determine the correlation between evolution of satellite DNA and phylogenetic relationships among the analyzed ants. The high interspecific similarity for the satellite DNA seems not to be in concordance with the concerted evolution pattern, commonly accepted to explain the evolution of satellite DNA. However, the accumulated data suggest that evolution of satellite DNA in ants Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13127-017-0333-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * P. Lorite [email protected]
1
Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
2
Present address: GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Granada, Spain
3
Present address: BBSSPA, Biobanco del Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
4
Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
follows the concerted evolution pattern but that this process is slow in relation with other organisms, probably due to the eusociality and haplodiploidy of these insects. Keywords Satellite DNA . Concerted evolution . Molecular phylogenies . Formicidae . Aphaenogaster
Introduction Satellite DNA (satDNA) has been characterized as highly abundant repetitive sequences tandemly arranged in long arrays and generally localized on the constitutive heterochromatin of eukaryotic genomes. There is a considerable variation in the total amount and the number of types of tandemly repeated DNA in eukaryotic genomes, as well as in the size and sequence variability of the repeats comprising the tandem arrays (Palomeque and Lorite 2008; Plohl et al. 2012). Several processes (gene amplification or deletion, unequal crossing over, slippage replication, mutation by base substitution, and rolling circle amplification) have been proposed to explain the total amount of sat
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