Conservation Tillage
Conservation tillage is defined as a form of non-inversion tillage system that conserves natural or other resources, reduces loss of soil or moisture, and retains protective amounts of residue mulch (more than 30 %) on the soil surface. It holds great pot
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Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production
Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production
P. Parvatha Reddy
Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production
P. Parvatha Reddy Entomology & Nematology Indian Inst. of Horticultural Research Bangalore, Karnataka, India
ISBN 978-981-10-2701-7 ISBN 978-981-10-2702-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2702-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016959392 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #22-06/08 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Foreword
The green revolution (using high-yielding crop varieties, fertilization, irrigation, and pesticides) led to enormous gains in food production and contributed to world food security. In many countries, however, intensive crop production has had negative impacts on production, ecosystems, and the larger environment putting future productivity at risk. “Negative externalities” of intensification include land degradation, salinization of irrigated areas, over extraction of groundwater, the buildup of pest resistance, and the erosion of biodiversity. Agriculture intensification has also damaged the wider environment through, for example, deforestation, the emission of greenhouse gases, and nitrate pollution of water bodies. In order to meet the projected demands of a growing population expected to exceed nine billion by 2050, farmers in the developing world must double food production, a challenge complicated by the effects of climate change and growing competition for land, water, and energy. The total number of undernourished people who suffer from hunger around the world is estimated at 800 million. The challenge, therefore, is to realize increased production while avoiding the more extreme of the effects detailed above. The development
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