COVID-19-Associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Atypical Para-infectious Profile, Symptom Overlap, and Increased Risk of Se
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COVID-19
COVID-19-Associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Atypical Para-infectious Profile, Symptom Overlap, and Increased Risk of Severe Neurological Complications Mayanja M. Kajumba 1 & Brad J. Kolls 2,3,4 & Deborah C. Koltai 2,3,5 & Mark Kaddumukasa 6 & Martin Kaddumukasa 6 & Daniel T. Laskowitz 2,3,4 Accepted: 16 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The concurrence of COVID-19 with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) can increase the likelihood of neuromuscular respiratory failure, autonomic dysfunction, and other life-threatening symptoms. Currently, very little is known about the underlying mechanisms, clinical course, and prognostic implications of comorbid COVID-19 in patients with GBS. We reviewed COVID-19associated GBS case reports published since the outbreak of the pandemic, with a database search up to August 2020, including a manual search of the reference lists for additional relevant cases. Fifty-one (51) case reports of COVID-19 patients (aged 23– 84 years) diagnosed with GBS in 11 different countries were included in this review. The results revealed atypical manifestations of GBS, including para-infectious profiles and onset of GBS without antecedent COVID-19 symptoms. Although all tested patients had signs of neuroinflammation, none had SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and only four (4) patients had antiganglioside antibodies. The majority had a 1- to 10-day time interval between the onset of COVID-19 and GBS symptoms, and many had a poor outcome, with 20 out of the 51 (39.2%) requiring mechanical ventilation, and two deaths within 12 to 24 h. The atypical manifestations of COVID-19-associated GBS, especially the para-infectious profile and short time interval between the onset of the COVID-19 and GBS symptoms, increase the likelihood of symptom overlap, which can complicate the treatment and result in worsened disease progression and/or higher mortality rates. Inclusion of a neurological assessment during diagnosis of COVID-19 might facilitate timely identification and effective management of the GBS symptoms and improve treatment outcome. Keywords SARS-CoV-2 . COVID-19 . Atypical . Guillain-Barre . Para-infectious . Prognosis This article is part of the Topical Collection on COVID-19 * Mayanja M. Kajumba [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Mental Health and Community Psychology, School of Psychology, Makerere University, P. O. Box, 7062 Kampala, Uganda
2
Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3807, Durham, NC 27705, USA
3
Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Neuroscience Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 W Morgan St, Durham, NC 27701, USA
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Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, DUMC, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3119, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, USA
6
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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